The temperature on January 23, 1861 was about 1.0 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 96%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
January 3 » American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the United States.
March 11 » American Civil War: The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted.
May 6 » American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union.
July 21 » American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run: At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins and ends in a victory for the Confederate army.
October 1 » Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management is published, going on to sell 60,000 copies in its first year and remaining in print until the present day
November 7 » The first Melbourne Cup horse race is held in Melbourne, Australia.
Day of death May 5, 1946
The temperature on May 5, 1946 was between 4.4 °C and 12.6 °C and averaged 8.1 °C. There was 0.8 mm of rain during 1.1 hours. There was 2.9 hours of sunshine (19%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northeast. Source: KNMI
From June 24, 1945 till July 3, 1946 the Netherlands had a cabinet Schermerhorn - Drees with the prime ministers Prof. ir. W. Schermerhorn (VDB) and W. Drees (PvdA).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 3, 1946 to August 7, 1948 the cabinet Beel I, with Dr. L.J.M. Beel (KVP) as prime minister.
January 19 » General Douglas MacArthur establishes the International Military Tribunal for the Far East in Tokyo to try Japanese war criminals.
March 5 » Cold War: Winston Churchill coins the phrase "Iron Curtain" in his speech at Westminster College, Missouri.
March 28 » Cold War: The United States Department of State releases the Acheson–Lilienthal Report, outlining a plan for the international control of nuclear power.
August 1 » Leaders of the Russian Liberation Army, a force of Russian prisoners of war that collaborated with Nazi Germany, are executed in Moscow, Soviet Union for treason.
August 23 » Ordinance No. 46 of the British Military Government constitutes the German Länder (states) of Hanover and Schleswig-Holstein.
November 23 » French naval bombardment of Hai Phong, Vietnam, kills thousands of civilians.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Nico de Kunder, "Family tree De Kunder", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-kunder/I564.php : accessed January 20, 2026), "Tonia de Groot (1861-1946)".
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