The temperature on November 15, 1861 was about 5.2 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 84%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
January 11 » American Civil War: Alabama secedes from the United States.
March 30 » Discovery of the chemical elements: Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of thallium.
June 1 » American Civil War: The Battle of Fairfax Court House is fought.
August 6 » Britain imposes the Lagos Treaty of Cession to suppress slavery in what is now Nigeria.
October 24 » The first transcontinental telegraph line across the United States is completed.
November 9 » The first documented football match in Canada is played at University College, Toronto.
Day of marriage March 31, 1887
The temperature on March 31, 1887 was about 5.0 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 14 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
April 4 » Argonia, Kansas elects Susanna M. Salter as the first female mayor in the United States.
May 9 » Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West Show opens in London.
July 4 » The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, joins Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam, Karachi.
July 6 » David Kalākaua, monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, is forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution, which transfers much of the king's authority to the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
July 26 » Publication of the Unua Libro, founding the Esperanto movement.
November 13 » Bloody Sunday clashes in central London.
Day of death March 25, 1944
The temperature on March 25, 1944 was between 0.2 °C and 10.3 °C and averaged 5.6 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. There was 10.6 hours of sunshine (85%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
March 4 » World War II: After the success of Big Week, the USAAF begins a daylight bombing campaign of Berlin.
September 17 » World War II: Soviet troops launch the Tallinn Offensive against Germany and pro-independence Estonian units.
October 18 » World War II: Soviet Union begins the liberation of Czechoslovakia from Nazi Germany.
October 25 » Second World War: Heinrich Himmler orders a crackdown on the Edelweiss Pirates, a loosely organized youth culture in Nazi Germany that had assisted army deserters and others to hide from the Third Reich.
November 16 » World War II: Düren, Germany, is destroyed by Allied bombers.
November 26 » World War II: A German V-2 rocket hits a Woolworth's shop in London, United Kingdom, killing 168 people.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Nico de Kunder, "Family tree De Kunder", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-kunder/I3858.php : accessed December 30, 2025), "Lodewijk Swertz (1861-1944)".
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