The temperature on November 15, 1861 was about 5.2 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 84%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
February 1 » American Civil War: Texas secedes from the United States.
May 13 » American Civil War: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the Confederacy as having belligerent rights.
May 13 » Pakistan's (then a part of British India) first railway line opens, from Karachi to Kotri.
October 17 » Aborigines kill Nineteen Europeans in the Cullin-la-ringo massacre.
December 4 » The 109 Electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President.
December 10 » American Civil War: The Confederate States of America accept a rival state government's pronouncement that declares Kentucky to be the 13th state of the Confederacy.
Day of marriage March 31, 1887
The temperature on March 31, 1887 was about 5.0 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 14 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
February 2 » In Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania the first Groundhog Day is observed.
February 23 » The French Riviera is hit by a large earthquake, killing around 2,000.
April 10 » On Easter Sunday, Pope Leo XIII authorizes the establishment of the Catholic University of America.
July 4 » The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, joins Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam, Karachi.
July 6 » David Kalākaua, monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, is forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution, which transfers much of the king's authority to the Legislature of the Kingdom of Hawaii.
November 13 » Bloody Sunday clashes in central London.
Day of death March 25, 1944
The temperature on March 25, 1944 was between 0.2 °C and 10.3 °C and averaged 5.6 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. There was 10.6 hours of sunshine (85%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
April 26 » Georgios Papandreou becomes head of the Greek government-in-exile based in Egypt.
June 17 » Iceland declares independence from Denmark and becomes a republic.
July 25 » World War II: Operation Spring is one of the bloodiest days for the First Canadian Army during the war.
August 12 » Nazi German troops end the week-long Wola massacre, during which time at least 40,000 people are killed indiscriminately or in mass executions.
September 15 » Battle of Peleliu begins as the United States Marine Corps' 1st Marine Division and the United States Army's 81st Infantry Division hit White and Orange beaches under heavy fire from Japanese infantry and artillery.
October 18 » World War II: The state funeral of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel takes place in Ulm Germany.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Nico de Kunder, "Family tree De Kunder", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-kunder/I3858.php : accessed October 26, 2026), "Lodewijk Swertz (1861-1944)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.