The temperature on November 15, 1861 was about 5.2 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 84%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
February 23 » President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, D.C., after the thwarting of an alleged assassination plot in Baltimore, Maryland.
March 4 » The first national flag of the Confederate States of America (the "Stars and Bars") is adopted.
April 12 » American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
May 6 » American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union.
September 17 » Argentine Civil Wars: The State of Buenos Aires defeats the Argentine Confederation at the Battle of Pavón.
October 25 » The Toronto Stock Exchange is created.
Day of marriage March 31, 1887
The temperature on March 31, 1887 was about 5.0 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 14 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
January 20 » The United States Senate allows the Navy to lease Pearl Harbor as a naval base.
February 8 » The Dawes Act authorizes the President of the United States to survey Native American tribal land and divide it into individual allotments.
June 8 » Herman Hollerith applies for US patent #395,781 for the 'Art of Compiling Statistics', which was his punched card calculator.
July 4 » The founder of Pakistan, Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, joins Sindh-Madrasa-tul-Islam, Karachi.
July 26 » Publication of the Unua Libro, founding the Esperanto movement.
November 13 » Bloody Sunday clashes in central London.
Day of death March 25, 1944
The temperature on March 25, 1944 was between 0.2 °C and 10.3 °C and averaged 5.6 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. There was 10.6 hours of sunshine (85%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
January 3 » World War II: Top Ace Major Greg "Pappy" Boyington is shot down in his Vought F4U Corsair by Captain Masajiro Kawato flying a Mitsubishi A6M Zero.
January 22 » World War II: The Allies commence Operation Shingle, an assault on Anzio and Nettuno, Italy.
April 16 » World War II: Allied forces start bombing Belgrade, killing about 1,100 people. This bombing fell on the Orthodox Christian Easter.
September 4 » World War II: Finland exits from the war with Soviet Union.
September 17 » World War II: German forces are attacked by the Allies in the Battle of San Marino.
November 27 » World War II: RAF Fauld explosion: An explosion at a Royal Air Force ammunition dump in Staffordshire kills seventy people.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Nico de Kunder, "Family tree De Kunder", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-kunder/I3858.php : accessed October 25, 2026), "Lodewijk Swertz (1861-1944)".
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