The temperature on March 4, 1860 was about 5.9 °C. There was 4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 12 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 86%. Source: KNMI
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
February 27 » Abraham Lincoln makes a speech at Cooper Union in the city of New York that is largely responsible for his election to the Presidency.
June 30 » The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
September 20 » The future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom begins the first visit to North America by a Prince of Wales.
October 18 » The Second Opium War finally ends at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty.
December 20 » South Carolina becomes the first state to attempt to secede from the United States.
December 29 » The launch of HMSWarrior, with her combination of screw propeller, iron hull and iron armour, renders all previous warships obsolete.
Day of death April 23, 1870
The temperature on April 23, 1870 was about 12.9 °C. The air pressure was 3 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 57%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 15 » A political cartoon for the first time symbolizes the Democratic Party with a donkey ("A Live Jackass Kicking a Dead Lion" by Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly).
April 13 » The New York City Metropolitan Museum of Art is founded.
June 22 » The United States Department of Justice is created by the U.S. Congress.
July 15 » Reconstruction Era of the United States: Georgia becomes the last of the former Confederate states to be readmitted to the Union.
September 19 » Franco-Prussian War: The siege of Paris begins. The city will hold out for over four months before surrendering.
December 12 » Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina becomes the second black U.S. congressman.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Nico de Kunder, "Family tree De Kunder", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-kunder/I2916.php : accessed October 16, 2026), "Johannes Jacobus Swertz (1860-1870)".
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