The temperature on April 13, 1860 was about 9.4 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 38%. Source: KNMI
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
April 9 » On his phonautograph machine, Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville makes the oldest known recording of an audible human voice.
May 18 » Abraham Lincoln wins the Republican Party presidential nomination over William H. Seward, who later becomes the United States Secretary of State.
June 30 » The 1860 Oxford evolution debate at the Oxford University Museum of Natural History takes place.
October 17 » First The Open Championship (referred to in North America as the British Open).
October 18 » The Second Opium War finally ends at the Convention of Peking with the ratification of the Treaty of Tientsin, an unequal treaty.
December 29 » The launch of HMSWarrior, with her combination of screw propeller, iron hull and iron armour, renders all previous warships obsolete.
Day of marriage February 17, 1882
The temperature on February 17, 1882 was about 9.0 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 16 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 81%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
March 29 » The Knights of Columbus is established.
April 25 » French and Vietnamese troops clashed in Tonkin, when Commandant Henri Rivière seized the citadel of Hanoi with a small force of marine infantry.
May 6 » The United States Congress passes the Chinese Exclusion Act.
September 5 » The first United States Labor Day parade is held in New York City.
October 16 » The Nickel Plate Railroad opens for business.
Day of death December 5, 1904
The temperature on December 5, 1904 was between 7.4 °C and 11.6 °C and averaged 9.2 °C. The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
January 7 » The distress signal "CQD" is established only to be replaced two years later by "SOS".
January 8 » The Blackstone Library is dedicated, marking the beginning of the Chicago Public Library system.
February 22 » The United Kingdom sells a meteorological station on the South Orkney Islands to Argentina; the islands are subsequently claimed by the United Kingdom in 1908.
April 8 » Longacre Square in Midtown Manhattan is renamed Times Square after The New York Times.
June 16 » Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolay Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland.
November 16 » English engineer John Ambrose Fleming receives a patent for the thermionic valve (vacuum tube).
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Jan De Backer, "Family tree De Backer - Evers", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-de-backer-evers/I568975.php : accessed February 5, 2026), "Maria Ida Grauls (1860-1904)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.