January 13 » Nicolas Jean Hugon de Bassville, representative of Revolutionary France, lynched by a mob in Rome
January 21 » After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, Louis XVI of France is executed by guillotine.
January 23 » Second Partition of Poland.
March 1 » French Revolutionary War: Battle of Aldenhoven during the Flanders Campaign.
May 23 » Battle of Famars during the Flanders Campaign of the War of the First Coalition.
July 22 » Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of North America.
Day of marriage April 1, 1819
The temperature on April 1, 1819 was about 10.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: winderig regen betrokken. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 17 » The United States House of Representatives passes the Missouri Compromise for the first time.
March 15 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel is adjudged the winner of the Grand Prix of the Académie des Sciences for his "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", which verifies the Fresnel integrals, accounts for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishes Newton's initial objection to the wave theory of light.
July 1 » Johann Georg Tralles discovers the Great Comet of 1819, (C/1819 N1). It was the first comet analyzed using polarimetry, by François Arago.
July 3 » The Bank for Savings in the City of New-York, the first savings bank in the United States, opens.
August 6 » Norwich University is founded in Vermont as the first private military school in the United States.
August 7 » Simón Bolívar triumphs over Spain in the Battle of Boyacá.
Day of death October 19, 1865
The temperature on October 19, 1865 was about 11.7 °C. There was 0.4 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 2 » Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as the Brazilians and Coloradans capture Paysandú, Uruguay.
March 18 » American Civil War: The Congress of the Confederate States adjourns for the last time.
March 25 » American Civil War: In Virginia, Confederate forces temporarily capture Fort Stedman from the Union.
April 3 » American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.
June 11 » The Naval Battle of the Riachuelo is fought on the rivulet Riachuelo (Argentina), between the Paraguayan Navy on one side and the Brazilian Navy on the other. The Brazilian victory was crucial for the later success of the Triple Alliance (Brazil, Uruguay, and Argentina) in the Paraguayan War.
June 23 » American Civil War: At Fort Towson in the Oklahoma Territory, Confederate Brigadier General Stand Watie surrenders the last significant Confederate army.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Agnes Cools, "Family tree Cools - Jansen - Spijkers - De Leeuw en Spiegels etc voornamelijk uit de regio Tilburg en de Betuwe", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-cools-jansen-spijkers-de-leeuw/I14482.php : accessed June 1, 2024), "Maria Dijmphna Smeulders (1793-1865)".
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