Family tree Bussmann » Helena Esser (1790-1861)

Christening day August 29, 1790

• The temperature on August 29, 1790 was about 13.0 °C. There was 66 mm of rainWind direction mainly west-southwest. Weather type: zeer betrokken. Source: KNMI
• Erfstadhouder Prins Willem V (Willem Batavus) (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1751 till 1795 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden)
• In the year 1790: Source: Wikipedia
  • May 31 » Manuel Quimper explores the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
  • July 16 » The District of Columbia is established as the capital of the United States after signature of the Residence Act.
  • August 2 » The first United States Census is conducted.
  • September 25 » Four Great Anhui Troupes introduce Anhui opera to Beijing in honor of the Qianlong Emperor's eightieth birthday.
  • December 17 » The Aztec calendar stone is discovered at El Zócalo, Mexico City.
  • December 31 » Efimeris, the oldest Greek newspaper of which issues have survived till today, is published for the first time.

Day of marriage October 24, 1815

• The temperature on October 24, 1815 was about 11.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-southwest. Weather type: half bewolkt bui weerlicht helder winderig. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1815: Source: Wikipedia
  • March 2 » Signing of the Kandyan Convention treaty by British invaders and the leaders of the Kingdom of Kandy.
  • June 9 » End of the Congress of Vienna: The new European political situation is set.
  • June 18 » Napoleonic Wars: The Battle of Waterloo results in the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte by the Duke of Wellington and Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher forcing him to abdicate the throne of France for the second and last time.
  • July 15 » Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders aboard HMSBellerophon.
  • October 15 » Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.
  • December 23 » The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published.

Day of death June 14, 1861

• The temperature on June 14, 1861 was about 19.6 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 78%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
• From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
• In the year 1861: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • February 4 » American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama, delegates from six break-away U.S. states meet and form the Confederate States of America.
  • April 12 » American Civil War: Battle of Fort Sumter. The war begins with Confederate forces firing on Fort Sumter, in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina.
  • June 1 » American Civil War: The Battle of Fairfax Court House is fought.
  • June 3 » American Civil War: Battle of Philippi (also called the Philippi Races): Union forces rout Confederate troops in Barbour County, Virginia, now West Virginia.
  • June 10 » American Civil War: Battle of Big Bethel: Confederate troops under John B. Magruder defeat a much larger Union force led by General Ebenezer W. Pierce in Virginia.
  • December 26 » American Civil War: The Trent Affair: Confederate diplomatic envoys James Murray Mason and John Slidell are freed by the United States government, thus heading off a possible war between the United States and the United Kingdom.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1825 » Pierre Charles L'Enfant, French-American architect and engineer, designed Washington, D.C. (b. 1754)
• 1837 » Giacomo Leopardi, Italian poet and philosopher (b. 1798)
• 1864 » Leonidas Polk, American general and bishop (b. 1806)
• 1883 » Edward FitzGerald, English poet and author (b. 1809)
• 1886 » Alexander Ostrovsky, Russian director and playwright (b. 1823)
• 1887 » Mary Carpenter, English educational and social reformer (b. 1807)