In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 29 » American Civil War: Kilpatrick–Dahlgren Raid fails: Plans to free 15,000 Union soldiers being held near Richmond, Virginia are thwarted.
April 18 » Battle of Dybbøl: A Prussian-Austrian army defeats Denmark and gains control of Schleswig. Denmark surrenders the province in the following peace settlement.
May 21 » Russia declares an end to the Russo-Circassian War and many Circassians are forced into exile. The day is designated the Circassian Day of Mourning.
May 21 » The Ionian Islands reunite with Greece.
July 24 » American Civil War: Battle of Kernstown: Confederate General Jubal Early defeats Union troops led by General George Crook in an effort to keep them out of the Shenandoah Valley.
August 31 » During the American Civil War, Union forces led by General William T. Sherman launch an assault on Atlanta.
Day of marriage July 25, 1889
The temperature on July 25, 1889 was about 14.0 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 64 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 98%. Source: KNMI
February 9 » US president Grover Cleveland signs a bill elevating the United States Department of Agriculture to a Cabinet-level agency.
March 23 » The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, British India.
May 31 » Johnstown Flood: Over 2,200 people die after a dam fails and sends a 60-foot (18-meter) wall of water over the town of Johnstown, Pennsylvania.
July 8 » The first issue of The Wall Street Journal is published.
July 11 » Tijuana, Mexico, is founded.
November 23 » The first jukebox goes into operation at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco.
Day of death October 23, 1944
The temperature on October 23, 1944 was between 5.6 °C and 11.1 °C and averaged 8.6 °C. The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south-southeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
April 16 » World War II: Allied forces start bombing Belgrade, killing about 1,100 people. This bombing fell on the Orthodox Christian Easter.
April 17 » Forces of the Communist-controlled Greek People's Liberation Army attack the smaller National and Social Liberation resistance group, which surrenders. Its leader Dimitrios Psarros is murdered.
September 9 » World War II: The Fatherland Front takes power in Bulgaria through a military coup in the capital and armed rebellion in the country. A new pro-Soviet government is established.
October 29 » The Dutch city of Breda is liberated by 1st Polish Armoured Division.
November 7 » Soviet spy Richard Sorge, a half-Russian, half-German World War I veteran, is hanged by his Japanese captors along with 34 of his ring.
December 22 » World War II: Battle of the Bulge: German troops demand the surrender of United States troops at Bastogne, Belgium, prompting the famous one word reply by General Anthony McAuliffe: "Nuts!"
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: H.F. Brons, "Family tree Brons", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-brons/I729.php : accessed February 6, 2026), "Tjalling Pieters Houkema (1864-1944)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.