The temperature on September 7, 1854 was about 11.8 °C. The atmospheric humidity was 85%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
February 23 » The official independence of the Orange Free State is declared.
April 1 » Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine Household Words.
May 30 » The Kansas–Nebraska Act becomes law establishing the US territories of Kansas and Nebraska.
September 20 » Crimean War: British and French troops defeat Russians at the Battle of Alma.
October 9 » Crimean War: The siege of Sevastopol begins.
December 8 » In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived free of Original Sin.
Day of marriage November 4, 1874
The temperature on November 4, 1874 was about 11.3 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 93%. Source: KNMI
From July 6, 1872 till August 27, 1874 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Vries - Fransen van de Putte with the prime ministers Mr. G. de Vries Azn. (liberaal) and I.D. Fransen van de Putte (liberaal).
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
February 28 » One of the longest cases ever heard in an English court ends when the defendant is convicted of perjury for attempting to assume the identity of the heir to the Tichborne baronetcy.
March 15 » France and Vietnam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina.
May 27 » The first group of Dorsland trekkers under the leadership of Gert Alberts leaves Pretoria.
June 29 » Greek politician Charilaos Trikoupis publishes a manifesto in the Athens daily Kairoi entitled "Who's to Blame?" leveling complaints against King George. Trikoupis is elected Prime Minister of Greece the next year.
July 8 » The Mounties begin their March West.
July 14 » The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from Chicago's city council.
Day of death July 31, 1937
The temperature on July 31, 1937 was between 12.9 °C and 19.8 °C and averaged 16.0 °C. There was 0.7 hours of sunshine (4%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north-northeast. Source: KNMI
January 15 » Spanish Civil War: Nationalists and Republican both withdraw after suffering heavy losses, ending the Second Battle of the Corunna Road.
April 12 » Sir Frank Whittle ground-tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft, at Rugby, England.
May 7 » Spanish Civil War: The German Condor Legion, equipped with Heinkel He 51 biplanes, arrives in Spain to assist Francisco Franco's forces.
June 15 » A German expedition led by Karl Wien loses sixteen members in an avalanche on Nanga Parbat. It is the worst single disaster to occur on an 8000m peak.
November 8 » The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude ("The Eternal Jew") opens in Munich.
December 22 » The Lincoln Tunnel opens to traffic in New York City.
Day of burial August 4, 1937
The temperature on August 4, 1937 was between 6.0 °C and 22.2 °C and averaged 15.2 °C. There was 11.8 hours of sunshine (77%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the north-northeast. Source: KNMI
March 2 » The Steel Workers Organizing Committee signs a collective bargaining agreement with U.S. Steel, leading to unionization of the United States steel industry.
June 3 » The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson.
June 14 » Pennsylvania becomes the first (and only) state of the United States to celebrate Flag Day officially as a state holiday.
August 1 » Josip Broz Tito reads the resolution "Manifesto of constitutional congress of KPH" to the constitutive congress of KPH (Croatian Communist Party) in woods near Samobor.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: Sovereign Council of Asturias and León is proclaimed in Gijón.
October 11 » The Duke and Duchess of Windsor tour Nazi Germany for 12 days and meet Adolf Hitler on the 22nd.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hilbert Botter, "Family tree Botter", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-botter/I84.php : accessed February 24, 2026), "Aaltje Coelingh (1854-1937)".
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