De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
March 9 » The U.S. Supreme Court rules in the United States v. The Amistad case that captive Africans who had seized control of the ship carrying them had been taken into slavery illegally.
March 30 » The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens.
April 6 » U.S. President John Tyler is sworn in, two days after having become President upon William Henry Harrison's death.
June 28 » The Paris Opera Ballet premieres Giselle in the Salle Le Peletier.
July 5 » Thomas Cook organises the first package excursion, from Leicester to Loughborough.
August 16 » U.S. President John Tyler vetoes a bill which called for the re-establishment of the Second Bank of the United States. Enraged Whig Party members riot outside the White House in the most violent demonstration on White House grounds in U.S. history.
Day of marriage February 20, 1863
The temperature on February 20, 1863 was about 7.4 °C. The air pressure was 4 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south east. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 62%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
June 14 » American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia.
June 14 » Second Assault on the Confederate works at the Siege of Port Hudson during the American Civil War.
July 9 » American Civil War: The Siege of Port Hudson ends, giving the Union complete control of the Mississippi River.
September 9 » American Civil War: The Union Army enters Chattanooga, Tennessee.
October 29 » Eighteen countries meet in Geneva and agree to form the International Red Cross.
December 16 » American Civil War: Joseph E. Johnston replaces Braxton Bragg as commander of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.
Day of death May 17, 1918
The temperature on May 17, 1918 was between 11.5 °C and 27.0 °C and averaged 19.0 °C. There was 7.9 hours of sunshine (50%). The average windspeed was 2 Bft (weak wind) and was prevailing from the south east. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from September 9, 1918 to September 18, 1922 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck I, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
April 24 » World War I: First tank-to-tank combat, during the second Battle of Villers-Bretonneux. Three British Mark IVs meet three German A7Vs.
July 4 » Bolsheviks kill Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family (Julian calendar date).
July 4 » Mehmed V died at the age of 73 and Ottoman sultan Mehmed VI ascends to the throne.
September 29 » The Hindenburg Line is broken by an Allied attack.
November 12 » Austria becomes a republic. After the proclamation, a coup attempt by the communist Red Guard is defeated by the social-democratic Volkswehr.
December 28 » Constance Markievicz, while detained in Holloway prison, became the first woman to be elected MP to the British House of Commons.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hilbert Botter, "Family tree Botter", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-botter/I3358.php : accessed January 28, 2026), "Margje Botter (1841-1918)".
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