The temperature on August 19, 1857 was about 19.6 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northwest. The atmospheric humidity was 78%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
January 24 » The University of Calcutta is formally founded as the first fully fledged university in South Asia.
May 6 » The East India Company disbands the 34th Regiment of Bengal Native Infantry whose sepoy Mangal Pandey had earlier revolted against the British in the lead up to the War of Indian Independence.
May 26 » Dred Scott is emancipated by the Blow family, his original owners.
June 26 » The first investiture of the Victoria Cross in Hyde Park, London.
July 27 » Indian Rebellion: Sixty-eight men hold out for eight days against a force of 2,500 to 3,000 mutinying sepoys and 8,000 irregular forces.
December 31 » Queen Victoria chooses Ottawa, then a small logging town, as the capital of the Province of Canada.
Day of marriage May 21, 1885
The temperature on May 21, 1885 was about 9.4 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 90%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
April 2 » Canadian Cree warriors attack the village of Frog Lake, killing nine.
May 2 » Cree and Assiniboine warriors win the Battle of Cut Knife, their largest victory over Canadian forces during the North-West Rebellion.
May 12 » North-West Rebellion: The four-day Battle of Batoche, pitting rebel Métis against the Canadian government, comes to an end with a decisive rebel defeat.
July 1 » The Congo Free State is established by King Leopold II of Belgium.
July 23 » President Ulysses S. Grant dies of throat cancer.
November 17 » Serbo-Bulgarian War: The decisive Battle of Slivnitsa begins.
Day of death September 10, 1937
The temperature on September 10, 1937 was between 5.2 °C and 16.4 °C and averaged 10.8 °C. There was 11.1 mm of rain during 1.3 hours. There was 6.1 hours of sunshine (47%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the northwest. Source: KNMI
April 1 » Spanish Civil War: Jaén, Spain is bombed by German fascist forces, supporting Francoist Nationalists.
June 3 » The Duke of Windsor marries Wallis Simpson.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: Sovereign Council of Asturias and León is proclaimed in Gijón.
November 8 » The Nazi exhibition Der ewige Jude ("The Eternal Jew") opens in Munich.
December 9 » Second Sino-Japanese War: Battle of Nanking: Japanese troops under the command of Lt. Gen. Asaka Yasuhiko launch an assault on the Chinese city of Nanjing (Nanking).
December 29 » The Irish Free State is replaced by a new state called Ireland with the adoption of a new constitution.
Day of burial September 13, 1937
The temperature on September 13, 1937 was between 5.2 °C and 14.9 °C and averaged 10.9 °C. There was 7.0 mm of rain during 3.4 hours. There was 0.1 hours of sunshine (1%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
March 18 » Spanish Civil War: Spanish Republican forces defeat the Italians at the Battle of Guadalajara.
May 12 » The Duke and Duchess of York are crowned as King George VI and Queen Elizabeth of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Westminster Abbey.
July 22 » New Deal: The United States Senate votes down President Franklin D. Roosevelt's proposal to add more justices to the Supreme Court of the United States.
August 24 » Spanish Civil War: the Basque Army surrenders to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie following the Santoña Agreement.
September 10 » Nine nations attend the Nyon Conference to address international piracy in the Mediterranean Sea.
October 11 » The Duke and Duchess of Windsor tour Nazi Germany for 12 days and meet Adolf Hitler on the 22nd.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hilbert Botter, "Family tree Botter", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-botter/I2387.php : accessed January 23, 2026), "Jan Botter (1857-1937)".
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