The temperature on July 28, 1851 was about 23.6 °C. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 58%. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 1, 1849 to April 19, 1853 the cabinet Thorbecke I, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
June 5 » Harriet Beecher Stowe's anti-slavery serial, Uncle Tom's Cabin, or Life Among the Lowly, starts a ten-month run in the National Era abolitionist newspaper.
August 22 » The first America's Cup is won by the yacht America.
October 18 » Herman Melville's Moby-Dick is first published as The Whale by Richard Bentley of London.
October 24 » William Lassell discovers the moons Umbriel and Ariel orbiting Uranus.
December 9 » The first YMCA in North America is established in Montreal.
Day of marriage April 30, 1875
The temperature on April 30, 1875 was about 9.5 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the north-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 84%. Source: KNMI
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
January 5 » The Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera houses in the world, is inaugurated in Paris.
March 15 » Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in the United States.
May 17 » Aristides wins the first Kentucky Derby with the jockey Oliver Lewis (2:37.75)
May 20 » Signing of the Metre Convention by 17 nations leading to the establishment of the International System of Units.
August 25 » Captain Matthew Webb becomes the first person to swim across the English Channel, traveling from Dover, England, to Calais, France, in 21 hours and 45 minutes.
September 3 » The first official game of polo is played in Argentina after being introduced by British ranchers.
Day of death December 23, 1912
The average temperature on December 23, 1912 was 3.8 °C. There was 0.1 mm of rain. The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south-southwest. Source: KNMI
February 25 » Marie-Adélaïde, the eldest of six daughters of Guillaume IV, becomes the first reigning Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.
April 15 » The British passenger liner RMSTitanic sinks in the North Atlantic at 2:20a.m., two hours and forty minutes after hitting an iceberg. Only 710 of 2,227 passengers and crew on board survive.
June 4 » Massachusetts becomes the first state of the United States to set a minimum wage.
September 4 » Albanian rebels succeed in their revolt when the Ottoman Empire agrees to fulfill their demands
October 18 » First Balkan War: King Peter I of Serbia issues a declaration "To the Serbian People", as his country joins the war.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hilbert Botter, "Family tree Botter", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-botter/I1986.php : accessed February 18, 2026), "Hendrikje Botter (Moes) (1851-1912)".
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