January 1 » First edition of The Times of London, previously The Daily Universal Register, is published.
January 2 » Georgia becomes the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
January 26 » The British First Fleet, led by Arthur Phillip, sails into Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) to establish Sydney, the first permanent European settlement on Australia. Commemorated as Australia Day.
June 11 » Russian explorer Gerasim Izmailov reaches Alaska.
June 21 » New Hampshire becomes the ninth state to ratify the Constitution of the United States.
June 25 » Virginia becomes the tenth state to ratify the United States Constitution.
Day of marriage December 7, 1815
The temperature on December 7, 1815 was about -2.0 °C. Wind direction mainly east-northeast. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
This page is only available in Dutch.
De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
March 1 » Napoleon returns to France from his banishment on Elba.
March 30 » Joachim Murat issues the Rimini Proclamation which would later inspire Italian unification.
July 15 » Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon Bonaparte surrenders aboard HMSBellerophon.
October 15 » Napoleon begins his exile on Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.
December 23 » The novel Emma by Jane Austen is first published.
December 25 » The Handel and Haydn Society, oldest continually performing arts organization in the United States, gives its first performance.
Day of death November 11, 1864
The temperature on November 11, 1864 was about -4.6 °C. The air pressure was 0.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 86%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 11 » The Great Sheffield Flood kills 238 people in Sheffield, England.
May 9 » Second Schleswig War: The Danish navy defeats the Austrian and Prussian fleets in the Battle of Heligoland.
September 2 » American Civil War: Union forces enter Atlanta, a day after the Confederate defenders flee the city, ending the Atlanta Campaign.
September 18 » American Civil War: John Bell Hood begins the Franklin–Nashville Campaign in an unsuccessful attempt to draw William Tecumseh Sherman back out of Georgia.
October 19 » American Civil War: Confederate agents based in Canada rob three banks in Saint Albans, Vermont.
November 30 » American Civil War: The Confederate Army of Tennessee suffers heavy losses in an attack on the Union Army of the Ohio in the Battle of Franklin.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: L. Birza, "Family tree Birza", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-birza/R413.php : accessed January 31, 2026), "elle onnes smit (1788-1864)".
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