May 27 » Manchu regent Dorgon defeats rebel leader Li Zicheng of the Shun dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass, allowing the Manchus to enter and conquer the capital city of Beijing.
May 28 » English Civil War: Bolton Massacre by Royalist troops under the command of James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby.
June 29 » Charles I of England defeats a Parliamentarian detachment at the Battle of Cropredy Bridge.
July 2 » English Civil War: Battle of Marston Moor.
November 8 » The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.
November 23 » John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet decrying censorship.
March 4 » English King Charles II declares war on the Netherlands marking the start of the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
March 6 » The first joint Secretary of the Royal Society, Henry Oldenburg, publishes the first issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, the world's longest-running scientific journal.
June 12 » Thomas Willett is appointed the first mayor of New York City.
October 5 » The University of Kiel is founded.
November 7 » The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published.
December 10 » The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter
February 12 » The Convention Parliament declares that the flight to France in 1688 by James II, the last Roman Catholic British monarch, constitutes an abdication.
March 12 » James II of England landed at Kinsale, starting the Williamite War in Ireland.
April 11 » William III and Mary II are crowned as joint sovereigns of Great Britain.
April 18 » Bostonians rise up in rebellion against Sir Edmund Andros.
August 27 » The Treaty of Nerchinsk is signed by Russia and the Qing Empire (Julian calendar).
December 16 » Convention Parliament: The Declaration of Right is embodied in the Bill of Rights.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Richard van Beekum, "Family tree van Beekum", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-beekum/I19084.php : accessed January 17, 2026), "Erdmuthe Sofie van Saksen Lauenburg (1644-1689)".
Copy warning
Genealogical publications are copyright protected. Although data is often retrieved from public archives, the searching, interpreting, collecting, selecting and sorting of the data results in a unique product. Copyright protected work may not simply be copied or republished.
Please stick to the following rules
Request permission to copy data or at least inform the author, chances are that the author gives permission, often the contact also leads to more exchange of data.
Do not use this data until you have checked it, preferably at the source (the archives).
State from whom you have copied the data and ideally also his/her original source.