Shabaka, ook: Sjabaka was de derde farao (716 - 702 v.Chr.) van de 25e of Nubische dynastie.
Shabaka herenigde geheel Egypte en begon een uitgebreid beleid van herstel en nieuwbouw. Bij zijn dood liet hij gebouwen na in Athribis, Abydos, Dendera, Edfu, Esna, Memphis en vooral Thebe.
Hij stelde opnieuw een hogepriester van Amon aan (zijn zoon Horemakhet), maar de functie had nu alleen maar geestelijke macht. De wereldlijke macht in het zuiden werd nu door de echtgenote op aarde van Amon, zijn zuster de Goddelijke Vereerster Aminirdis I, waargenomen. Hiermee werd een nieuw evenwicht tussen geestelijke en wereldlijke macht gevestigd.
Shabaka werd opgevolgd door Shebitku.
Shabaka (Shabataka) or Shabaka Neferkare, 'Beautiful is the Soul of Re', was a Kushite pharaoh of the Twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, between (721 BC-707/706 BC) according to the most up to date academic research into Ancient Egyptian Chronology from 2006.[3]
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Family
Shabaka is thought to be the son of King Kashta and Pebatjma, although a text from the time of Taharqa could be interpreted to mean that Shabaka was a brother of Taharqa and hence a son of Piye.
Shabaka's Queen Consort was Qalhata, according to Assyrian records, a sister of Taharqa. Shabaka and Qalhata were the parents of King Tantamani and most likely the parents of King Shebitku as well.[2]
It is possible that Queen Tabakenamun was a wife of Shabaka.[4] She is thought to be a wife of Taharqa by others.[2]
Shabaka's son Haremakhet became High Priest of Amun and is known from a statue and a fragment of a statue found in Karnak.[2] A lady named Mesbat is mentioned on the sarcophagus of Haremakhet and may be his mother.[4]
Shabaka is the father of at least two more children, but the identity of their mother is not known. Piankharty later becomes the wife of her (half-)brother Tamtamani. She is depicted on the Dream Stela with him. Isetemkheb H likely married Tantamani as well. She was buried in Abydos, Egypt.[2]
Biography
Shabaka succeeded his brother Piye on the throne, and adopted the throne name of the 6th-dynasty ruler Pepi II. Shabaka's reign was initially dated from 716 BC to 702 BC by Kenneth Kitchen. However, new evidence indicates that Shabaka died around 707 or 706 BC because Sargon II (722-705 BC) of Assyria states in an official inscription at Tang-i Var (in Northwest Iran)--which is datable to 706 BCthat it was Shebitku, Shabaka's successor, who extradited Iamanni of Ashdod to him as king of Egypt.[5][6] This view has been accepted by many Egyptologists today such as Aidan Dodson,[7] Rolf Krauss, David Aston, and Karl Jansen-Winkeln[8] among others because there is no concrete evidence for coregencies or internal political/regional divisions in the Nubian kingdom during the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. All contemporary records suggest that the Nubian Pharaohs ruled Egypt with only a single king on the throne, while Taharqa states explicitly on one of his Kawa stelas that he assumed power only after the death of his brother, Shebitku.[9]
Shabaka's reign is significant because he consolidated the Nubian Kingdom's control over all of Egypt from Nubia down to the Delta region. It also saw an enormous amount of building work undertaken throughout Egypt, especially at the city of Thebes, which he made the capital of his kingdom. In Karnak he erected a pink granite statue of himself wearing the twin crowns of Egypt. Shabaka succeeded in preserving Egypt's independence from outside foreign powers especially the Assyrian empire under Sargon II. The most famous relic from Shabaka's reign is the Shabaka stone which records several Old Kingdom documents that the king ordered preserved.[10] Also notable is the Shabaka Gate, a large stone door unearthed by archeologists in 2011 and believed to have guarded the room where the king's treasures were stored. Despite being relative newcomers to Egypt, Shabaka and his family were immensely interested in Egypt's past and the art of the period reflects their tastes which harked back to earlier periods. Shabaka would grant refuge to king Iamanni of Ashdod after the latter fled to Egypt following the suppression of his revolt by Assyria in 712 BC.
Death
Shabaka is assumed to have died in his 15th regnal year based on BM cube statue 24429, which is dated to Year 15, II Shemu day 11 of Shabaka's reign.[11] From the evidence of the Tang-i Var inscription, Shabaka was already dead by 707 or 706 BC.[12] He was buried in a pyramid at el-Kurru and was succeeded by his nephew Shebitku, Piye's son, following the Kushite tradition of succession from brother to brother, to son of the first brother. Shebitku would eventually be succeeded by Tantamunia son of Shabaka.
(1) He is married to Mesbat.
They got marriedSource 3
Child(ren):
(2) He is married to (Not public).
They got married
Child(ren):
(3) He is married to (Not public).
They got married
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