Family tree De Groot » Albertje Heddes de Graaff (1797-1884)

Day of marriage November 17, 1818

• The temperature on November 17, 1818 was about 12.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-southwest. Weather type: bui winderig. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1818: Source: Wikipedia
  • January 2 » The British Institution of Civil Engineers is founded by a group of six engineers; Thomas Telford would later become its first president.
  • January 15 » A paper by David Brewster is read to the Royal Society, belatedly announcing his discovery of what we now call the biaxial class of doubly-refracting crystals. On the same day, Augustin-Jean Fresnel signs a "supplement" (submitted four days later) on reflection of polarized light.
  • March 16 » In the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada, Spanish forces defeated Chileans under José de San Martín.
  • April 20 » The case of Ashford v Thornton ends, with Abraham Thornton allowed to go free rather than face a retrial for murder, after his demand for trial by battle is upheld.
  • July 29 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
  • December 3 » Illinois becomes the 21st U.S. state.

Day of death June 13, 1884

• The temperature on June 13, 1884 was about 18.5 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 61%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
• In the year 1884: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.5 million citizens.
  • March 13 » The Siege of Khartoum begins. It lasts until January 26, 1885.
  • March 27 » A mob in Cincinnati, Ohio, attacks members of a jury which had returned a verdict of manslaughter in what was seen as a clear case of murder; over the next few days the mob would riot and eventually destroy the courthouse.
  • April 20 » Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus.
  • May 31 » The arrival at Plymouth of Tāwhiao, King of Maoris, to claim the protection of Queen Victoria.
  • October 14 » George Eastman receives a U.S. Government patent on his new paper-strip photographic film.
  • October 22 » The International Meridian Conference designates the Royal Observatory, Greenwich as the world's prime meridian.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1861 » Henry Gray, English anatomist and surgeon (b. 1827)
• 1881 » Joseph Škoda, Czech physician and dermatologist (b. 1805)
• 1886 » Ludwig II, king of Bavaria (b. 1845)
• 1894 » John Cox Bray, Australian politician, 15th Premier of South Australia (b. 1842)
• 1898 » Joseph-Adolphe Chapleau, Canadian lawyer and politician, 5th Premier of Quebec (b. 1840)
• 1904 » Nikiforos Lytras, Greek painter and educator (b. 1832)