De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 20 » Hong Kong Island is occupied by the British.
January 26 » James Bremer takes formal possession of Hong Kong Island at what is now Possession Point, establishing British Hong Kong.
June 28 » The Paris Opera Ballet premieres Giselle in the Salle Le Peletier.
July 5 » Thomas Cook organises the first package excursion, from Leicester to Loughborough.
September 24 » The Sultanate of Brunei cedes Sarawak to the United Kingdom.
November 13 » James Braid first sees a demonstration of animal magnetism, which leads to his study of the subject he eventually calls hypnotism.
Day of marriage January 12, 1865
The temperature on January 12, 1865 was about 6.8 °C. The air pressure was 14 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 82%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
January 2 » Uruguayan War: The Siege of Paysandú ends as the Brazilians and Coloradans capture Paysandú, Uruguay.
April 20 » Astronomer Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk, which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX's yacht, the L'Immaculata Concezion.
June 28 » The Army of the Potomac is disbanded.
July 30 » The steamboat Brother Jonathan sinks off the coast of Crescent City, California, killing 225 passengers, the deadliest shipwreck on the Pacific Coast of the U.S. at the time.
July 31 » The first narrow-gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Queensland, Australia.
December 4 » North Carolina ratifies 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed soon by Georgia, and U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks.
Day of death January 21, 1917
The temperature on January 21, 1917 was between -8.6 °C and -3.0 °C and averaged -6.7 °C. There was 7.2 hours of sunshine (85%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-southeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 5 » The Congress of the United States passes the Immigration Act of 1917 over President Woodrow Wilson's veto.
June 11 » King Alexander assumes the throne of Greece after his father, Constantine I, abdicates under pressure from allied armies occupying Athens.
June 13 » World War I: The deadliest German air raid on London of the war is carried out by Gotha G.IV bombers and results in 162 deaths, including 46 children, and 432 injuries.
June 23 » In a game against the Washington Senators, Boston Red Sox pitcher Ernie Shore retires 26 batters in a row after replacing Babe Ruth, who had been ejected for punching the umpire.
October 12 » World War I: The First Battle of Passchendaele takes place resulting in the largest single-day loss of life in New Zealand history.
October 31 » World War I: Battle of Beersheba: The "last successful cavalry charge in history".
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Wim Ackermans, "Family tree Ackermans", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/stamboom-ackermans/I1141.php : accessed February 7, 2026), "Maria Wiegmans (1841-1917)".
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