The temperature on March 21, 1871 was about 12.8 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The atmospheric humidity was 47%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from January 4, 1871 to July 6, 1872 the cabinet Thorbecke III, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
March 21 » Journalist Henry Morton Stanley begins his trek to find the missionary and explorer David Livingstone.
March 27 » The first international rugby football match, when Scotland defeats England in Edinburgh at Raeburn Place.
May 28 » The Paris Commune falls after two months.
July 2 » Victor Emmanuel II of Italy enters Rome after having conquered it from the Papal States.
July 30 » The Staten Island Ferry Westfield's boiler explodes, killing over 85 people.
October 12 » The British in India enact the Criminal Tribes Act, naming many local communities "Criminal Tribes".
Day of death October 20, 1878
The temperature on October 20, 1878 was about 10.5 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 91%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
May 25 » Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera H.M.S. Pinafore opens at the Opera Comique in London.
July 13 » Treaty of Berlin: The European powers redraw the map of the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania become completely independent of the Ottoman Empire.
September 1 » Emma Nutt becomes the world's first female telephone operator when she is recruited by Alexander Graham Bell to the Boston Telephone Dispatch Company.
October 15 » The Edison Electric Light Company begins operation.
November 17 » First assassination attempt against Umberto I of Italy by anarchist Giovanni Passannante, who was armed with a dagger. The King survived with a slight wound in an arm. Prime Minister Benedetto Cairoli blocked the aggressor, receiving an injury in a leg.
December 31 » Karl Benz, working in Mannheim, Germany, filed for a patent on his first reliable two-stroke gas engine, and he was granted the patent in 1879.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Marc Adriaan Scheffer, "Family tree Scheffer", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/scheffer_stamboom/I145.php : accessed February 10, 2026), "Pieter van Andel (1871-1878)".
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