January 12 » The city of Belém, Brazil is founded on the Amazon River delta, by Portuguese captain Francisco Caldeira Castelo Branco.
February 26 » Galileo Galilei is formally banned by the Roman Catholic Church from teaching or defending the view that the earth orbits the sun.
March 5 » Nicolaus Copernicus's book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is added to the Index of Forbidden Books 73 years after it was first published.
March 20 » Sir Walter Raleigh is freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment.
July 11 » Samuel de Champlain returns to Quebec.
October 25 » Dutch sea-captain Dirk Hartog makes the second recorded landfall by a European on Australian soil, at the later-named Dirk Hartog Island off the West Australian coast.
April 27 » The Battle of Carbisdale: A Royalist army from Orkney invades mainland Scotland but is defeated by a Covenanter army.
August 13 » Colonel George Monck of the English Army forms Monck's Regiment of Foot, which will later become the Coldstream Guards.
September 3 » Third English Civil War: In the Battle of Dunbar, English Parliamentarian forces led by Oliver Cromwell defeat an army loyal to King Charles I of England and led by David Leslie, Lord Newark.
December 14 » Anne Greene is hanged at Oxford Castle in England for infanticide, having concealed an illegitimate stillbirth. The following day she revives in the dissection room and, being pardoned, lives until 1659.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Pam Schaeffer Massung, "Schaeffer-Massung Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/schaeffer-massung-family-tree/I280109726404.php : accessed April 30, 2025), "Guillaume COULON de VILLIERS 🤎 (1616-1680)".
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