March 20 » The Dutch East India Company is established.
November 8 » The Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford is opened to the public.
December 11 » A surprise attack by forces under the command of Charles Emmanuel I, Duke of Savoy, and his brother-in-law, Philip III of Spain, is repelled by the citizens of Geneva. (Commemorated annually by the Fête de l'Escalade.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: John Layton, "Royal House of Layton of Stuart and Rohan", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/royal-house-of-layton-of-stuart-and-rohan/P10818.php : accessed August 8, 2025), "Margaret Elphinstone (1602-1687)".
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