Rois Europe » Joséphine Czartoryski (1789-1862)

Day of marriage June 21, 1814

• The temperature on June 21, 1814 was about 12.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north-northwest. Weather type: omtrent betrokken. Source: KNMI
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  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1814: Source: Wikipedia
  • March 4 » Americans defeat British forces at the Battle of Longwoods between London, Ontario and Thamesville, near present-day Wardsville, Ontario.
  • March 27 » War of 1812: In central Alabama, U.S. forces under General Andrew Jackson defeat the Creek at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
  • May 4 » Emperor Napoleon arrives at Portoferraio on the island of Elba to begin his exile.
  • July 25 » War of 1812: An American attack on Canada is repulsed.
  • August 14 » A cease fire agreement, called the Convention of Moss, ended the Swedish–Norwegian War.
  • September 11 » War of 1812: The climax of the Battle of Plattsburgh, a major United States victory in the war.

Day of death January 27, 1862

• The temperature on January 27, 1862 was about 1.0 °C. The air pressure was 1.5 kgf/m² and came mainly from the south-southeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 83%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 1, 1862 to February 10, 1866 the cabinet Thorbecke II, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1862: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.6 million citizens.
  • May 15 » President Abraham Lincoln signs a bill into law creating the United States Bureau of Agriculture. It is later renamed the United States Department of Agriculture.
  • July 15 » The CSS Arkansas, the most effective ironclad on the Mississippi River, battles with Union ships commanded by Admiral David Farragut, severely damaging three ships and sustaining heavy damage herself. The encounter changed the complexion of warfare on the Mississippi and helped to reverse Rebel fortunes on the river in the summer of 1862.
  • August 17 » American Indian Wars: The Dakota War of 1862 begins in Minnesota as Dakota warriors attack white settlements along the Minnesota River.
  • August 30 » American Civil War: Battle of Richmond: Confederates under Edmund Kirby Smith rout Union forces under General William "Bull" Nelson.
  • September 2 » American Civil War: United States President Abraham Lincoln reluctantly restores Union General George B. McClellan to full command after General John Pope's disastrous defeat at the Second Battle of Bull Run.
  • September 5 » American Civil War: The Army of Northern Virginia crosses the Potomac River at White's Ford in the Maryland Campaign.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1814 » Johann Gottlieb Fichte, German philosopher and academic (b. 1762)
• 1816 » Samuel Hood, 1st Viscount Hood, English admiral and politician (b. 1724)
• 1851 » John James Audubon, French-American ornithologist and painter (b. 1789)
• 1860 » János Bolyai, Romanian-Hungarian mathematician and academic (b. 1802)
• 1880 » Edward Middleton Barry, English architect and academic, co-designed the Halifax Town Hall and the Royal Opera House (b. 1830)
• 1901 » Giuseppe Verdi, Italian composer (b. 1813)