January 21 » The Swiss Anabaptist Movement is founded when Conrad Grebel, Felix Manz, George Blaurock, and about a dozen others baptize each other in the home of Manz's mother in Zürich, breaking a thousand-year tradition of church-state union.
February 24 » A Spanish-Austrian army defeats a French army at the Battle of Pavia.
February 28 » Aztec king Cuauhtémoc is executed on the order of conquistador Hernán Cortés.
May 15 » Insurgent peasants led by Anabaptist pastor Thomas Müntzer were defeated at the Battle of Frankenhausen, ending the German Peasants' War in the Holy Roman Empire.
June 13 » Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for priests and nuns.
January 7 » French troops, led by Francis, Duke of Guise, take Calais, the last continental possession of England.
April 24 » Mary, Queen of Scots, marries the Dauphin of France, François, at Notre Dame de Paris.
July 13 » Battle of Gravelines: In France, Spanish forces led by Count Lamoral of Egmont defeat the French forces of Marshal Paul de Thermes at Gravelines.
October 17 » Poczta Polska, the Polish postal service, is founded.
November 17 » Elizabethan era begins: Queen Mary I of England dies and is succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I of England.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Donald Richey, "Richey Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/richey-family-tree/I1981.php : accessed May 14, 2025), "John Spencer (1508-1558)".
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