May 14 » Four-year-old Louis XIV becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Louis XIII.
May 19 » Thirty Years' War: French forces under the duc d'Enghien decisively defeat Spanish forces at the Battle of Rocroi, marking the symbolic end of Spain as a dominant land power.
July 1 » First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
July 13 » English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
August 24 » A Dutch fleet establishes a new colony in the ruins of Valdivia in southern Chile.
December 13 » English Civil War: The Battle of Alton takes place in Hampshire.
February 3 » The colony of Massachusetts issues the first paper money in the Americas.
February 15 » Constantin Cantemir, Prince of Moldavia, and the Holy Roman Empire sign a secret treaty in Sibiu, stipulating that Moldavia would support the actions led by the House of Habsburg against the Ottoman Empire.
June 14 » King William III of England (William of Orange) lands in Ireland to confront the former King James II.
July 1 » Glorious Revolution: Battle of the Boyne in Ireland (as reckoned under the Julian calendar).
August 24 » Job Charnock of the East India Company establishes a factory in Calcutta, an event formerly considered the founding of the city (in 2003 the Calcutta High Court ruled that the city's foundation date is unknown).
September 25 » Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick, the first newspaper to appear in the Americas, is published for the first and only time.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P35660.php : accessed April 30, 2025), "Charles Leopold of LORRAINE (1643-1690)".
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