April 5 » Daimyō (Lord) Shimazu Tadatsune of the Satsuma Domain in southern Kyūshū, Japan, completes his successful invasion of the Ryūkyū Kingdom in Okinawa.
April 9 » Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.
May 20 » Shakespeare's sonnets are first published in London, perhaps illicitly, by the publisher Thomas Thorpe.
May 23 » Official ratification of the Second Virginia Charter takes place.
September 11 » Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan Island and the indigenous people living there.
September 12 » Henry Hudson begins his exploration of the Hudson River while aboard the Halve Maen.
February 13 » With the accession of young Charles XI of Sweden, his regents begin negotiations to end the Second Northern War.
April 4 » Declaration of Breda by King Charles II of Great Britain promises, among other things, a general pardon to all royalists for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum.
April 23 » Treaty of Oliva is established between Sweden and Poland.
November 28 » At Gresham College, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society.
December 8 » A woman (either Margaret Hughes or Anne Marshall) appears on an English public stage for the first time, in the role of Desdemona in a production of Shakespeare's play Othello.
December 31 » James II of England is named Duke of Normandy by Louis XIV of France.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P35658.php : accessed December 8, 2025), "Maria of MANTUA-GONZAGA (1609-1660)".
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