June 20 » The Battle of Höchst takes place during the Thirty Years' War.
August 5 » The Mayflower departs from Southampton, England, carrying would-be settlers, on its first attempt to reach North America; it is forced to dock in Dartmouth when its companion ship, the Speedwell, springs a leak.
September 16 » Pilgrims set sail from England on the Mayflower.
November 8 » The Battle of White Mountain takes place near Prague, ending in a decisive Catholic victory in only two hours.
November 9 » Pilgrims aboard the Mayflower sight land at Cape Cod, Massachusetts.
November 21 » Plymouth Colony settlers sign the Mayflower Compact (November 11, O.S.)
January 17 » England's Long Parliament passes the "Vote of No Addresses", breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War.
January 30 » Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.
May 15 » The Peace of Münster is ratified, by which Spain acknowledges Dutch sovereignty.
June 15 » Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
August 20 » Battle of Lens: French Duc d'Enghien defeats Spaniards
October 18 » Boston Shoemakers form first American labor organization.
May 10 » King Narai nominates Phetracha as regent, leading to the revolution of 1688 in which Phetracha becomes king of the Ayutthaya Kingdom.
June 30 » The Immortal Seven issue the Invitation to William, which would culminate in the Glorious Revolution.
September 26 » The city council of Amsterdam votes to support William of Orange's invasion of England, which became the Glorious Revolution.
December 9 » Glorious Revolution: Williamite forces defeat Jacobites at Battle of Reading, forcing flight of James II from the country.
December 11 » Glorious Revolution: James II of England, while trying to flee to France, throws the Great Seal of the Realm into the River Thames.
December 23 » As part of the Glorious Revolution, King James II of England flees from England to Paris, France after being deposed in favor of his nephew, William of Orange and his daughter Mary.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P31621.php : accessed December 5, 2025), "Winston CHURCHILL (1620-1688)".
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