April 9 » Eighty Years' War: Spain and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of Antwerp to initiate twelve years of truce.
July 9 » Bohemia is granted freedom of religion through the Letter of Majesty by the Holy Roman Emperor, Rudolf II.
July 25 » The English ship Sea Venture, en route to Virginia, is deliberately driven ashore during a storm at Bermuda to prevent its sinking; the survivors go on to found a new colony there.
August 28 » Henry Hudson discovers Delaware Bay.
September 11 » Henry Hudson discovers Manhattan Island and the indigenous people living there.
September 12 » Henry Hudson begins his exploration of the Hudson River while aboard the Halve Maen.
January 6 » Arauco War: The first Parliament of Quillín is celebrated, putting a temporary hold on hostilities between Mapuches and Spanish in Chile.
March 11 » Guaraní forces living in the Jesuit reductions defeat bandeirantes loyal to the Portuguese Empire at the Battle of Mbororé in present-day Panambí, Argentina.
August 10 » The Treaty of London between England and Scotland, ending the Bishops' Wars, is signed.
September 23 » The Merchant Royal, carrying a treasure of over 100,000 pounds of gold (worth over £1 billion today), is lost at sea off Land's End.
October 24 » Felim O'Neill of Kinard, the leader of the Irish Rebellion, issues his Proclamation of Dungannon, justifying the uprising and declaring continued loyalty to King Charles I of England.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P28648.php : accessed April 30, 2025), "Ferdinand of SPAIN (1609-1641)".
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