February 24 » Treaty of Nagyvárad between Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I and King John Zápolya of Hungary and Croatia.
July 25 » The city of Guayaquil is founded by the Spanish Conquistador Francisco de Orellana and given the name Muy Noble y Muy Leal Ciudad de Santiago de Guayaquil.
August 6 » Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
September 28 » Ottoman–Venetian War: The Ottoman Navy scores a decisive victory over a Holy League fleet in the Battle of Preveza.
October 28 » The Universidad Santo Tomás de Aquino is founded in what is now the Dominican Republic.
December 17 » Pope Paul III excommunicates Henry VIII of England.
January 26 » Battle of Talikota, fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan sultanates, leads to the subjugation, and eventual destruction of the last Hindu kingdom in India, and the consolidation of Islamic rule over much of the Indian subcontinent.
March 1 » The city of Rio de Janeiro is founded.
June 17 » Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.
June 23 » Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta.
August 28 » Pedro Menéndez de Avilés sights land near St. Augustine, Florida and founds the oldest continuously occupied European-established city in the continental United States.
October 18 » Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture the Portuguese trading carrack in the Battle of Fukuda Bay, the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P28601.php : accessed November 2, 2025), "Frederick Iii of SAXONY (1538-1565)".
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