June 17 » Matsunaga Hisahide assassinates the 13th Ashikaga shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshiteru.
June 23 » Dragut, commander of the Ottoman navy, dies during the Great Siege of Malta.
July 29 » The widowed Mary, Queen of Scots marries Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, Duke of Albany, at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Scotland.
September 8 » St. Augustine, Florida is founded by Spanish admiral and Florida's first governor, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés.
September 8 » The Knights of Malta lift the Ottoman siege of Malta that began on May 18.
October 18 » Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture the Portuguese trading carrack in the Battle of Fukuda Bay, the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West.
May 15 » The Peace of Münster is ratified, by which Spain acknowledges Dutch sovereignty.
June 1 » The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.
August 8 » Mehmed IV (1648–1687) succeeds Ibrahim I (1640–1648) as Ottoman Emperor.
August 20 » Battle of Lens: French Duc d'Enghien defeats Spaniards
October 18 » Boston Shoemakers form first American labor organization.
December 6 » Colonel Thomas Pride of the New Model Army purges the Long Parliament of MPs sympathetic to King Charles I of England, in order for the King's trial to go ahead; came to be known as "Pride's Purge".
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P23905.php : accessed February 20, 2026), "William SMART (1565-1648)".
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