February 17 » On his way to be burned at the stake for heresy, at Campo de' Fiori in Rome, the philosopher Giordano Bruno has a wooden vise put on his tongue to prevent him continuing to speak.
February 19 » The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.
March 20 » The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden: five Swedish noblemen are publicly beheaded in the aftermath of the War against Sigismund (1598–1599).
August 5 » The Gowrie Conspiracy against King James VI of Scotland (later to become King James I of England) takes place.
October 6 » Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance, beginning the Baroque period.
October 21 » Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats the leaders of rival Japanese clans in the Battle of Sekigahara and becomes shōgun of Japan.
February 13 » With the accession of young Charles XI of Sweden, his regents begin negotiations to end the Second Northern War.
April 23 » Treaty of Oliva is established between Sweden and Poland.
May 21 » The Battle of Long Sault concludes after five days in which French colonial militia, with their Huron and Algonquin allies, are defeated by the Iroquois Confederacy.
May 29 » English Restoration: Charles II is restored to the throne of England, Scotland and Ireland.
November 28 » At Gresham College, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society.
December 8 » A woman (either Margaret Hughes or Anne Marshall) appears on an English public stage for the first time, in the role of Desdemona in a production of Shakespeare's play Othello.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P22825.php : accessed May 2, 2025), "Adrian SCROOPE (1600-1660)".
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