January 6 » The Union of Arras unites the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma (Ottavio Farnese), governor in the name of King Philip II of Spain.
January 23 » The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands.
February 6 » The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop.
June 17 » Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls Nova Albion (modern California) for England.
June 26 » Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory begins.
July 8 » Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, is discovered underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan.
May 20 » Yangzhou massacre: The ten day massacre of 800,000 residents of the city of Yangzhou, part of the Transition from Ming to Qing.
July 2 » Battle of Alford: Wars of the Three Kingdoms.
July 21 » Qing dynasty regent Dorgon issues an edict ordering all Han Chinese men to shave their forehead and braid the rest of their hair into a queue identical to those of the Manchus.
August 3 » Thirty Years' War: The Second Battle of Nördlingen sees French forces defeating those of the Holy Roman Empire.
September 13 » Wars of the Three Kingdoms: Scottish Royalists are defeated by Covenanters at the Battle of Philiphaugh.
September 24 » The Battle of Rowton Heath is a Parliamentarian victory over a Royalist army commanded in person by King Charles.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P22267.php : accessed May 3, 2025), "Thomas HATTON (1579-1645)".
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