May 14 » Four-year-old Louis XIV becomes King of France upon the death of his father, Louis XIII.
May 19 » Thirty Years' War: French forces under the duc d'Enghien decisively defeat Spanish forces at the Battle of Rocroi, marking the symbolic end of Spain as a dominant land power.
July 1 » First meeting of the Westminster Assembly, a council of theologians ("divines") and members of the Parliament of England appointed to restructure the Church of England, at Westminster Abbey in London.
July 13 » English Civil War: Battle of Roundway Down: In England, Henry Wilmot, 1st Earl of Rochester, commanding the Royalist forces, heavily defeats the Parliamentarian forces led by Sir William Waller.
August 24 » A Dutch fleet establishes a new colony in the ruins of Valdivia in southern Chile.
December 13 » English Civil War: The Battle of Alton takes place in Hampshire.
March 6 » The first joint Secretary of the Royal Society, Henry Oldenburg, publishes the first issue of Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, the world's longest-running scientific journal.
June 12 » Thomas Willett is appointed the first mayor of New York City.
June 17 » Battle of Montes Claros: Portugal definitively secured independence from Spain in the last battle of the Portuguese Restoration War.
October 5 » The University of Kiel is founded.
November 7 » The London Gazette, the oldest surviving journal, is first published.
December 10 » The Royal Netherlands Marine Corps is founded by Michiel de Ruyter
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Peter John Oswald, "Pop Oswald Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/pop-oswald-tree/P19557.php : accessed May 1, 2025), "James Jonathan TORREY (1612-1665)".
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