Rhineland is a village in Montgomery County, Missouri, United States. The population was 142 at the 2010 census. Its name came from German immigrants from the River Rhine area. Located on the north bank of the Missouri River, Rhineland was devastated by water in the Great Flood of 1993. It became the first town to accept federal funds to move out of a flood plain. All the houses in the town were moved about 1½ miles uphill.