De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 26 » James Bremer takes formal possession of Hong Kong Island at what is now Possession Point, establishing British Hong Kong.
March 30 » The National Bank of Greece is founded in Athens.
June 28 » The Paris Opera Ballet premieres Giselle in the Salle Le Peletier.
July 5 » Thomas Cook organises the first package excursion, from Leicester to Loughborough.
July 18 » Coronation of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil.
September 24 » The Sultanate of Brunei cedes Sarawak to the United Kingdom.
Day of marriage April 3, 1867
The temperature on April 3, 1867 was about 10.9 °C. The air pressure was 6 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 72%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
March 1 » Nebraska becomes the 37th U.S. state; Lancaster, Nebraska is renamed Lincoln and becomes the state capital.
June 19 » Maximilian I of the Second Mexican Empire is executed by a firing squad in Querétaro, Querétaro.
September 28 » Toronto becomes the capital of Ontario, having also been the capital of Ontario's predecessors since 1796.
November 3 » Giuseppe Garibaldi and his followers are defeated in the Battle of Mentana and fail to end the Pope's Temporal power in Rome (it would be achieved three years later).
November 23 » The Manchester Martyrs are hanged in Manchester, England, for killing a police officer while freeing two Irish Republican Brotherhood members from custody.
December 13 » A Fenian bomb explodes in Clerkenwell, London, killing six.
Day of death September 9, 1921
The temperature on September 9, 1921 was between 10.0 °C and 26.2 °C and averaged 17.8 °C. There was 10.9 hours of sunshine (83%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 9, 1918 to September 18, 1922 the cabinet Ruys de Beerenbrouck I, with Jonkheer mr. Ch.J.M. Ruys de Beerenbrouck (RKSP) as prime minister.
March 8 » Spanish Prime Minister Eduardo Dato Iradier is assassinated while exiting the parliament building in Madrid.
March 19 » Irish War of Independence: One of the biggest engagements of the war takes place at Crossbarry, County Cork. About 100 Irish Republican Army (IRA) volunteers escape an attempt by over 1,300 British forces to encircle them.
June 20 » Workers of Buckingham and Carnatic Mills in the city of Chennai, India, begin a four-month strike.
July 11 » The Red Army captures Mongolia from the White Army and establishes the Mongolian People's Republic.
August 3 » Major League Baseball Commissioner Kenesaw Mountain Landis confirms the ban of the eight Chicago Black Sox, the day after they were acquitted by a Chicago court.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Charles Olson, "Olson's Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/olsons-tree/P8133.php : accessed December 24, 2025), "Pvt. Robert Leighton Crawford Jr. (1841-1921)".
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