Olson's Tree » Gardiner Greene Howland (II) (1834-1903)

Day of marriage November 25, 1856

• The temperature on November 25, 1856 was about 2.5 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 16 kgf/m² and came mainly from the north. The atmospheric humidity was 88%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In The Netherlands , there was from July 1, 1856 to March 18, 1858 the cabinet Van der Brugghen, with Mr. J.L.L. van der Brugghen (protestant) as prime minister.
• In the year 1856: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 26 » First Battle of Seattle. Marines from the USSDecatur drive off American Indian attackers after all day battle with settlers.
  • January 29 » Queen Victoria issues a Warrant under the Royal sign-manual that establishes the Victoria Cross to recognise acts of valour by British military personnel during the Crimean War.
  • March 30 » The Treaty of Paris is signed, ending the Crimean War.
  • May 22 » Congressman Preston Brooks of South Carolina severely beats Senator Charles Sumner of Massachusetts with a cane in the hall of the United States Senate for a speech Sumner had made regarding Southerners and slavery.
  • November 17 » American Old West: On the Sonoita River in present-day southern Arizona, the United States Army establishes Fort Buchanan in order to help control new land acquired in the Gadsden Purchase.
  • November 27 » The Coup of 1856 leads to Luxembourg's unilateral adoption of a new, reactionary constitution.

Day of death May 9, 1903

• The temperature on May 9, 1903 was between 6.1 °C and 17.2 °C and averaged 10.9 °C. There was 4.2 hours of sunshine (27%). Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1903: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 5.3 million citizens.
  • March 2 » In New York City the Martha Washington Hotel opens, becoming the first hotel exclusively for women.
  • June 16 » Roald Amundsen leaves Oslo, Norway, to commence the first east–west navigation of the Northwest Passage.
  • October 10 » The Women's Social and Political Union is founded in support of the enfranchisement of British women.
  • November 17 » The Russian Social Democratic Labour Party splits into two groups: The Bolsheviks (Russian for "majority") and Mensheviks (Russian for "minority").
  • December 16 » Taj Mahal Palace & Tower hotel in Bombay first opens its doors to guests.
  • December 17 » The Wright brothers make the first controlled powered, heavier-than-air flight in the Wright Flyer at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1889 » William S. Harney, American general (b. 1800)
• 1906 » Oscar von Gebhardt, German theologian and academic (b. 1844)
• 1914 » C. W. Post, American businessman, founded Post Foods (b. 1854)
• 1915 » Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player and cricketer (b. 1883)
• 1915 » François Faber, Luxembourgian-French cyclist and soldier (b. 1887)
• 1918 » George Coșbuc, Romanian journalist and poet (b. 1866)