The temperature on May 13, 1844 was about 10.0 °C. Wind direction mainly northwest. Weather type: betrokken dampig zeevlam. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
May 1 » Hong Kong Police Force, the world's second modern police force and Asia's first, is established.
June 6 » The Glaciarium, the world's first mechanically frozen ice rink, opens.
July 3 » The last pair of great auks is killed.
August 8 » The Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, headed by Brigham Young, is reaffirmed as the leading body of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).
October 22 » Millerites, followers of Baptist preacher William Miller anticipate the end of the world in conjunction with the Second Advent of Christ. The following day became known as the Great Disappointment.
December 21 » The Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers commences business at its cooperative in Rochdale, England, starting the Cooperative movement.
Day of marriage November 8, 1869
The temperature on November 8, 1869 was about 9.8 °C. There was 2 mm of rain. The air pressure was 38 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 65%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
February 5 » The largest alluvial gold nugget in history, called the "Welcome Stranger", is found in Moliagul, Victoria, Australia.
April 28 » Chinese and Irish laborers for the Central Pacific Railroad working on the First Transcontinental Railroad lay ten miles of track in one day, a feat which has never been matched.
May 15 » Women's suffrage: In New York, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton form the National Woman Suffrage Association.
July 10 » Gävle, Sweden, is largely destroyed in a fire; 80% of its 10,000 residents are left homeless.
August 29 » The Mount Washington Cog Railway opens, making it the world's first mountain-climbing rack railway.
October 16 » Girton College, Cambridge is founded, becoming England's first residential college for women.
Day of death November 9, 1892
The temperature on November 9, 1892 was about 5.3 °C. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 100%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 21, 1891 to May 9, 1894 the cabinet Van Tienhoven, with Mr. G. van Tienhoven (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
April 15 » The General Electric Company is formed.
July 6 » Three thousand eight hundred striking steelworkers engage in a day-long battle with Pinkerton agents during the Homestead Strike, leaving ten dead and dozens wounded.
July 7 » The Katipunan is established, the discovery of which by Spanish authorities initiated the Philippine Revolution.
August 9 » Thomas Edison receives a patent for a two-way telegraph.
September 8 » The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited.
December 18 » Premiere performance of The Nutcracker by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Charles Olson, "Olson's Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/olsons-tree/P5731.php : accessed January 7, 2026), "George Charles Spencer-Churchill 8th Duke of Marlborough (1844-1892)".
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