The temperature on September 3, 1846 was about 20.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north-northeast. Weather type: half bewolkt. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
April 25 » Thornton Affair: Open conflict begins over the disputed border of Texas, triggering the Mexican–American War.
June 16 » The Papal conclave of 1846 elects Pope Pius IX, beginning the longest reign in the history of the papacy.
June 28 » Adolphe Sax patents the saxophone.
July 7 » US troops occupy Monterey and Yerba Buena, thus beginning the US conquest of California.
September 14 » Jang Bahadur and his brothers massacre about 40 members of the Nepalese palace court.
Day of marriage February 20, 1867
The temperature on February 20, 1867 was about 8.7 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 89%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
January 15 » Forty people die when ice covering the boating lake at Regent's Park, London, collapses.
February 17 » The first ship passes through the Suez Canal.
February 28 » Seventy years of Holy See–United States relations are ended by a Congressional ban on federal funding of diplomatic envoys to the Vatican and are not restored until January 10, 1984.
March 2 » The U.S. Congress passes the first Reconstruction Act.
July 17 » Harvard School of Dental Medicine is established in Boston, Massachusetts. It is the first dental school in the U.S. that is affiliated with a university.
September 2 » Mutsuhito, Emperor Meiji of Japan, marries Masako Ichijō, thereafter known as Empress Shōken.
Day of death July 4, 1936
The temperature on July 4, 1936 was between 14.4 °C and 21.4 °C and averaged 17.5 °C. There was 5.9 hours of sunshine (35%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the west-southwest. Source: KNMI
May 9 » Italy formally annexes Ethiopia after taking the capital Addis Ababa on May 5.
July 18 » On the Spanish mainland, a faction of the army supported by fascists, rises up against the Second Spanish Republic in a coup d'état starting the 3-year-long Civil War, resulting in the longest dictatorship in modern European history.
October 27 » Mrs Wallis Simpson obtains her divorce, which would eventually allow her to marry King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, thus forcing his abdication from the throne.
November 25 » In Berlin, Germany and Japan sign the Anti-Comintern Pact, agreeing to consult on measures "to safeguard their common interests" in the case of an unprovoked attack by the Soviet Union against either nation. The pact is renewed on the same day five years later with additional signatories.
December 10 » Abdication Crisis: Edward VIII signs the Instrument of Abdication.
December 11 » Abdication Crisis: Edward VIII's abdication as King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India, becomes effective.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Charles Olson, "Olson's Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/olsons-tree/P24118.php : accessed January 18, 2026), "Emma Louise Ruggles (1846-1936)".
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