January 7 » Galileo Galilei makes his first observation of the four Galilean moons: Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa, although he is not able to distinguish the last two until the following day.
June 5 » The masque Tethys' Festival is performed at Whitehall Palace to celebrate the investiture of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales.
July 4 » The Battle of Klushino is fought between forces of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia during the Polish–Muscovite War.
July 5 » John Guy sets sail from Bristol with 39 other colonists for Newfoundland.
August 9 » The First Anglo-Powhatan War begins in colonial Virginia.
October 17 » French king Louis XIII is crowned in Reims Cathedral.
January 30 » Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster and Osnabrück is signed, ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain.
June 1 » The Roundheads defeat the Cavaliers at the Battle of Maidstone in the Second English Civil War.
June 15 » Margaret Jones is hanged in Boston for witchcraft in the first such execution for the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
August 8 » Mehmed IV (1648–1687) succeeds Ibrahim I (1640–1648) as Ottoman Emperor.
October 18 » Boston Shoemakers form first American labor organization.
December 6 » Colonel Thomas Pride of the New Model Army purges the Long Parliament of MPs sympathetic to King Charles I of England, in order for the King's trial to go ahead; came to be known as "Pride's Purge".
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Charles Olson, "Olson's Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/olsons-tree/P22956.php : accessed January 11, 2026), "Leonard Armiger Chester (1610-1648)".
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