The temperature on May 18, 1870 was about 21.7 °C. The air pressure was 2 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 46%. Source: KNMI
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
January 23 » In Montana, U.S. cavalrymen kill 173 Native Americans, mostly women and children, in what becomes known as the Marias Massacre.
January 26 » Reconstruction Era: Virginia rejoins the Union.
August 2 » Tower Subway, the world's first underground tube railway, opens in London, England, United Kingdom.
August 8 » The Republic of Ploiești, a failed Radical-Liberal rising against Domnitor Carol of Romania.
August 16 » Franco-Prussian War: The Battle of Mars-la-Tour is fought, resulting in a Prussian victory.
August 18 » Franco-Prussian War: Battle of Gravelotte is fought.
Day of death April 13, 1905
The temperature on April 13, 1905 was between 1.7 °C and 15.8 °C and averaged 8.5 °C. There was 6.5 hours of sunshine (47%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 1, 1901 to August 16, 1905 the cabinet Kuijper, with Dr. A. Kuijper (AR) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
February 5 » In Mexico, the General Hospital of Mexico is inaugurated, started with four basic specialties.
April 17 » The Supreme Court of the United States decides Lochner v. New York, which holds that the "right to free contract" is implicit in the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
August 20 » Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary, forms the first chapter of T'ung Meng Hui, a union of all secret societies determined to bringing down the Manchus.
October 26 » King Oscar II recognizes the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden.
November 21 » Albert Einstein's paper that leads to the mass–energy equivalence formula, E=mc², is published in the journal Annalen der Physik.
December 11 » A workers' uprising occurs in Kiev, Ukraine (then part of the Russian Empire), and establishes the Shuliavka Republic.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Charles Olson, "Olson's Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/olsons-tree/P22689.php : accessed January 5, 2026), "Edmund Pendleton Cooke (1870-1905)".
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