Olson's Tree » Francis Boardman Crowninshield (1809-1877)

Day of marriage June 15, 1831

• The temperature on June 15, 1831 was about 18.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south-southwest. Weather type: half bewolkt onweer. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• In the year 1831: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 2.9 million citizens.
  • February 24 » The Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, the first removal treaty in accordance with the Indian Removal Act, is proclaimed. The Choctaws in Mississippi cede land east of the river in exchange for payment and land in the West.
  • April 7 » Emperor Pedro I of Brazil resigns. He goes to his native Portugal to become King Pedro IV.
  • September 1 » The high honor of Order of St. Gregory the Great is established by Pope Gregory XVI of the Vatican State to recognize high support for the Vatican or for the Pope, by a man or a woman, and not necessarily a Roman Catholic.
  • October 29 » Riots in the city of Bristol as part of the 1831 reform riots against the second reform Bill of the Reform Act 1832 begin.
  • November 5 » Nat Turner, American slave leader, is tried, convicted, and sentenced to death in Virginia.
  • December 31 » Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.

Day of death May 8, 1877

• The temperature on May 8, 1877 was about 13.6 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m² and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 47%. Source: KNMI
• Koning Willem III (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1849 till 1890 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
• In The Netherlands , there was from November 3, 1877 to August 20, 1879 the cabinet Kappeijne van de Coppello, with Mr. J. Kappeijne van de Coppello (liberaal) as prime minister.
• In the year 1877: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 4.0 million citizens.
  • March 15 » First ever official cricket test match is played: Australia vs England at the MCG Stadium, in Melbourne, Australia.
  • May 6 » Chief Crazy Horse of the Oglala Lakota surrenders to United States troops in Nebraska.
  • May 8 » At Gilmore's Gardens in New York City, the first Westminster Kennel Club Dog Show opens.
  • May 16 » The 16 May 1877 crisis occurs in France, ending with the dissolution of the National Assembly 22 June and affirming the interpretation of the Constitution of 1875 as a parliamentary rather than presidential system. The elections held in October 1877 led to the defeat of the royalists as a formal political movement in France.
  • July 14 » The Great Railroad Strike of 1877 began in Martinsburg, West Virginia, when wages of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad workers were cut for the third time in a year. The strike was ended on Sept 4 by local and state militias, and federal troops.
  • August 9 » Indian Wars: Battle of the Big Hole: A small band of Nez Percé Indians clash with the United States Army.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1853 » Jan Roothaan, Dutch priest, 21st Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1785)
• 1880 » Gustave Flaubert, French novelist (b. 1821)
• 1891 » Helena Blavatsky, Russian-English mystic and author (b. 1831)
• 1891 » John Robertson, English-Australian politician, 5th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1816)
• 1893 » Manuel González Flores, Mexican general and president, 1880–1884 (b. 1833)
• 1903 » Paul Gauguin, French painter and sculptor (b. 1848)