May 5 » King Charles I of England dissolves the Short Parliament.
August 28 » Second Bishop's War: King Charles I's English army loses to a Scottish Covenanter force at the Battle of Newburn.
October 26 » The Treaty of Ripon is signed, restoring peace between Covenanter Scotland and King Charles.
December 1 » End of the Iberian Union: Portugal acclaims as King João IV of Portugal, ending 59 years of personal union of the crowns of Portugal and Spain and the end of the rule of the Philippine Dynasty.
February 13 » With the accession of young Charles XI of Sweden, his regents begin negotiations to end the Second Northern War.
April 4 » Declaration of Breda by King Charles II of Great Britain promises, among other things, a general pardon to all royalists for crimes committed during the English Civil War and the Interregnum.
May 21 » The Battle of Long Sault concludes after five days in which French colonial militia, with their Huron and Algonquin allies, are defeated by the Iroquois Confederacy.
May 25 » Charles II lands at Dover at the invitation of the Convention Parliament, which marks the end of the Cromwell-proclaimed Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland and begins the Restoration of the British monarchy.
October 17 » The Nine regicides who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England are hanged, drawn and quartered.
December 31 » James II of England is named Duke of Normandy by Louis XIV of France.
January 26 » For the first time, the Ottoman Empire permanently cedes territory to the Christian powers.
February 16 » First Leopoldine Diploma is issued by the Holy Roman Emperor, recognizing the Greek Catholic clergy enjoyed the same privileges as Roman Catholic priests in the Principality of Transylvania.
March 30 » Guru Gobind Singh establishes the Khalsa in Anandpur Sahib, Punjab.
April 14 » Khalsa: The Sikh religion was formalised as the Khalsa - the brotherhood of Warrior-Saints - by Guru Gobind Singh in northern India, in accordance with the Nanakshahi calendar.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Charles Olson, "Olson's Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/olsons-tree/P19837.php : accessed May 1, 2025), "Rev John Cotton Jr (1640-1699)".
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