The temperature on March 8, 1839 was about -1 °C. Wind direction mainly south. Weather type: half bewolkt mist. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
January 20 » In the Battle of Yungay, Chile defeats an alliance between Peru and Bolivia.
April 19 » The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom and guarantees its neutrality.
June 3 » In Humen, China, Lin Tse-hsü destroys 1.2million kilograms of opium confiscated from British merchants, providing Britain with a casus belli to open hostilities, resulting in the First Opium War.
June 22 » Cherokee leaders Major Ridge, John Ridge, and Elias Boudinot are assassinated for signing the Treaty of New Echota, which had resulted in the Trail of Tears.
August 19 » The French government announces that Louis Daguerre's photographic process is a gift "free to the world".
November 17 » Oberto, Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, opens at the Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy.
Day of marriage June 13, 1868
The temperature on June 13, 1868 was about 24.9 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 44%. Source: KNMI
From June 1, 1866 till June 4, 1868 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Heemskerk with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.J.A. graaf Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (AR) and Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief).
From June 4, 1868 till January 4, 1871 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Bosse - Fock with the prime ministers Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal) and Mr. C. Fock (liberaal).
March 5 » Mefistofele, an opera by Arrigo Boito, receives its premiere performance at La Scala.
May 29 » Mihailo Obrenović III, Prince of Serbia is assassinated.
July 28 » The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is certified, establishing African American citizenship and guaranteeing due process of law.
August 13 » The 8.5–9.0 Mw Arica earthquake struck southern Peru with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), causing 25,000+ deaths and a destructive basin wide tsunami that affected Hawaii and New Zealand.
November 4 » Camagüey, Cuba, revolts against Spain during the Ten Years' War.
November 30 » A statue of King Charles XII of Sweden is inaugurated in Stockholm's Kungsträdgården.
Day of death June 20, 1917
The temperature on June 20, 1917 was between 16.3 °C and 23.8 °C and averaged 19.9 °C. There was 4.0 mm of rain. There was 1.8 hours of sunshine (11%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the south. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 29, 1913 to September 9, 1918 the cabinet Cort van der Linden, with Mr. P.W.A. Cort van der Linden (liberaal) as prime minister.
April 2 » World War I: United States President Woodrow Wilson asks the U.S. Congress for a declaration of war on Germany.
June 26 » World War I: The American Expeditionary Forces begin to arrive in France. They will first enter combat four months later.
June 28 » World War I: Greece joins the Allied powers.
November 2 » The Military Revolutionary Committee of the Petrograd Soviet, in charge of preparation and carrying out the Russian Revolution, holds its first meeting.
December 12 » Father Edward J. Flanagan founds Boys Town as a farm village for wayward boys.
December 15 » World War I: An armistice between Russia and the Central Powers is signed.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Charles Olson, "Olson's Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/olsons-tree/P19171.php : accessed May 1, 2025), "James Mason Crafts (1839-1917)".
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