Olson's Tree » Esther Judson Jennings (1828-1908)

Day of marriage December 13, 1854

• The temperature on December 13, 1854 was about 2.8 °C. There was 3 mm of rain. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m² and came mainly from the southwest. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
•  This page is only available in Dutch.
  De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
• From April 19, 1853 till July 1, 1856 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
• In the year 1854: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 3.3 million citizens.
  • January 4 » The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the Samarang.
  • April 1 » Charles Dickens' novel Hard Times begins serialisation in his magazine Household Words.
  • June 10 » The United States Naval Academy graduates its first class of students.
  • July 13 » In the Battle of Guaymas, Mexico, General José María Yáñez stops the French invasion led by Count Gaston de Raousset-Boulbon.
  • July 28 » USSConstellation(1854), the last all-sail warship built by the United States Navy and now a museum ship in Baltimore Harbor, is commissioned.
  • December 8 » In his Apostolic constitution Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogmatic definition of Immaculate Conception, which holds that the Blessed Virgin Mary was conceived free of Original Sin.

Day of death April 20, 1908

• The temperature on April 20, 1908 was between -1.8 °C and 6.4 °C and averaged 2.0 °C. There was 5.6 mm of rain. There was 7.2 hours of sunshine (51%). The average windspeed was 3 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the north. Source: KNMI
• Koningin Wilhelmina (Huis van Oranje-Nassau) was from 1890 till 1948 sovereign of the Netherlands (also known as Koninkrijk der Nederlanden)
• In The Netherlands , there was from August 17, 1905 to February 11, 1908 the cabinet De Meester, with Mr. Th. de Meester (unie-liberaal) as prime minister.
• In The Netherlands , there was from February 12, 1908 to August 29, 1913 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. Th. Heemskerk (AR) as prime minister.
• In the year 1908: Source: Wikipedia
  • The Netherlands had about 5.7 million citizens.
  • April 8 » Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.
  • May 26 » The first major commercial oil strike in the Middle East was made at Masjed Soleyman in southwest Persia. The rights to the resource were quickly acquired by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company.
  • June 27 » A group of Vietnamese tirailleurs conducts a failed attempt to poison the entire French army's garrison in the Hanoi Citadel with the aim to make way for Hoàng Hoa Thám's rebel army to capture Hanoi.
  • August 17 » Fantasmagorie, the first animated cartoon, created by Émile Cohl, is shown in Paris, France.
  • September 17 » The Wright Flyer flown by Orville Wright, with Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge as passenger, crashes, killing Selfridge, who becomes the first airplane fatality.
  • November 28 » A mine explosion in Marianna, Pennsylvania, kills 154 men, leaving only one survivor.

Source: Wikipedia

• 1887 » Muhammad Sharif Pasha, Greek-Egyptian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1826)
• 1899 » Joseph Wolf, German ornithologist and illustrator (b. 1820)
• 1902 » Joaquim de Sousa Andrade, Brazilian poet and educator (b. 1833)
• 1912 » Bram Stoker, Anglo-Irish novelist and critic, created Count Dracula (b. 1847)
• 1918 » Karl Ferdinand Braun, German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850)
• 1927 » Enrique Simonet, Spanish painter and educator (b. 1866)