May 18 » In Dorchester, Massachusetts, John Winthrop takes the oath of office and becomes the first Governor of Massachusetts.
May 20 » The city of Magdeburg in Germany is seized by forces of the Holy Roman Empire and most of its inhabitants massacred, in one of the bloodiest incidents of the Thirty Years' War.
May 30 » Publication of Gazette de France, the first French newspaper.
June 17 » Mumtaz Mahal dies during childbirth. Her husband, Mughal emperor Shah Jahan I, will spend the next 17 years building her mausoleum, the Taj Mahal.
June 20 » The Sack of Baltimore: The Irish village of Baltimore is attacked by Algerian pirates.
September 17 » Sweden wins a major victory at the Battle of Breitenfeld against the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
February 13 » With the accession of young Charles XI of Sweden, his regents begin negotiations to end the Second Northern War.
March 16 » The Long Parliament of England is dissolved so as to prepare for the new Convention Parliament.
April 23 » Treaty of Oliva is established between Sweden and Poland.
May 25 » Charles II lands at Dover at the invitation of the Convention Parliament, which marks the end of the Cromwell-proclaimed Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland and begins the Restoration of the British monarchy.
October 17 » The Nine regicides who signed the death warrant of Charles I of England are hanged, drawn and quartered.
November 28 » At Gresham College, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray decide to found what is later known as the Royal Society.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Charles Olson, "Olson's Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/olsons-tree/P12162.php : accessed April 30, 2025), "Mary Stuart Princess Royal of Great Britain (1631-1660)".
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