The temperature on February 13, 1849 was about 2.0 °C. Wind direction mainly southwest. Weather type: helder dampig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
From November 21, 1848 till November 1, 1849 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Kempenaer - Donker Curtius with the prime ministers Mr. J.M. de Kempenaer (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. D. Donker Curtius (conservatief-liberaal).
In The Netherlands , there was from November 1, 1849 to April 19, 1853 the cabinet Thorbecke I, with Mr. J.R. Thorbecke (liberaal) as prime minister.
February 28 » Regular steamship service from the east to the west coast of the United States begins with the arrival of the SSCalifornia in San Francisco Bay, four months 22 days after leaving New York Harbor.
April 13 » Lajos Kossuth presents the Hungarian Declaration of Independence in a closed session of the National Assembly.
May 22 » Future U.S. President Abraham Lincoln is issued a patent for an invention to lift boats, making him the only U.S. president to ever hold a patent.
June 5 » Denmark becomes a constitutional monarchy by the signing of a new constitution.
July 3 » France invades the Roman Republic and restores the Papal States.
November 16 » A Russian court sentences writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky to death for anti-government activities linked to a radical intellectual group; his sentence is later commuted to hard labor.
Day of marriage January 31, 1874
The temperature on January 31, 1874 was about 6.5 °C. There was 0.8 mm of rain. The air pressure was 4 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-northwest. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 97%. Source: KNMI
From July 6, 1872 till August 27, 1874 the Netherlands had a cabinet De Vries - Fransen van de Putte with the prime ministers Mr. G. de Vries Azn. (liberaal) and I.D. Fransen van de Putte (liberaal).
From August 27, 1874 till November 3, 1877 the Netherlands had a cabinet Heemskerk - Van Lijnden van Sandenburg with the prime ministers Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) and Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (AR).
March 15 » France and Vietnam sign the Second Treaty of Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France over Cochinchina.
May 9 » The first horsebus makes its début in the city of Mumbai, traveling two routes.
July 1 » The Sholes and Glidden typewriter, the first commercially successful typewriter, goes on sale.
July 23 » Aires de Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed the Archbishop of the Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa, India.
August 5 » Japan launches its postal savings system, modeled after a similar system in the United Kingdom.
December 29 » The military coup of Gen. Martinez Campos in Sagunto ends the failed First Spanish Republic and the monarchy is restored as Prince Alfonso is proclaimed King of Spain.
Day of death January 24, 1895
The temperature on January 24, 1895 was about 0.3 °C. There was 0.5 mm of rain. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 96%. Source: KNMI
January 5 » Dreyfus affair: French army officer Alfred Dreyfus is stripped of his rank and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island.
February 9 » William G. Morgan creates a game called Mintonette, which soon comes to be referred to as volleyball.
April 3 » The trial in the libel case brought by Oscar Wilde begins, eventually resulting in his imprisonment on charges of homosexuality.
May 7 » In Saint Petersburg, Russian scientist Alexander Stepanovich Popov demonstrates to the Russian Physical and Chemical Society his invention, the Popov lightning detector—a primitive radio receiver. In some parts of the former Soviet Union the anniversary of this day is celebrated as Radio Day.
May 25 » The Republic of Formosa is formed, with Tang Jingsong as its president.
September 18 » The Atlanta Exposition Speech on race relations is delivered by Booker T. Washington.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Henri Frebault, "Noblesse Européenne - European Nobility", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/noblesse-europeenne/I5839.php : accessed August 10, 2025), "Randolph Henry Spencer-Churchill (1849-1895)".
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