January 21 » Abdul Hamid I becomes Sultan of the Ottoman Empire and Caliph of Islam.
June 22 » The British pass the Quebec Act, setting out rules of governance for the colony of Quebec in British North America.
July 21 » Russo-Turkish War (1768–74): Russia and the Ottoman Empire sign the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca ending the war.
August 1 » British scientist Joseph Priestley discovers oxygen gas, corroborating the prior discovery of this element by German-Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.
September 5 » First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia.
October 26 » The first Continental Congress adjourns in Philadelphia.
Day of marriage December 8, 1793
The temperature on December 8, 1793 was about 3.0 °C. Wind direction mainly south-southwest. Weather type: betrokken. Source: KNMI
January 9 » Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first person to fly in a balloon in the United States.
June 10 » The Jardin des Plantes museum opens in Paris. A year later, it becomes the first public zoo.
July 22 » Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean becoming the first recorded human to complete a transcontinental crossing of North America.
August 10 » The Musée du Louvre is officially opened in Paris, France.
August 12 » The Rhône and Loire départments are created when the former département of Rhône-et-Loire is split into two.
September 17 » War of the Pyrenees: France defeats a Spanish force at the Battle of Peyrestortes.
Day of death March 11, 1818
The temperature on March 11, 1818 was about 7.0 °C. Wind direction mainly west-northwest. Weather type: half bewolkt hagel winderig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
February 12 » Bernardo O'Higgins formally approves the Chilean Declaration of Independence near Concepción, Chile.
March 16 » In the Second Battle of Cancha Rayada, Spanish forces defeated Chileans under José de San Martín.
March 30 » Physicist Augustin Fresnel reads a memoir on optical rotation to the French Academy of Sciences, reporting that when polarized light is "depolarized" by a Fresnel rhomb, its properties are preserved in any subsequent passage through an optically-rotating crystal or liquid.
July 29 » French physicist Augustin Fresnel submits his prizewinning "Memoir on the Diffraction of Light", precisely accounting for the limited extent to which light spreads into shadows, and thereby demolishing the oldest objection to the wave theory of light.
December 13 » Cyril VI of Constantinople resigns from his position as Ecumenical Patriarch.
December 24 » The first performance of "Silent Night" takes place in the church of St. Nikolaus in Oberndorf, Austria.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: T.J. Mitchell, "Mitchell/Stewart Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/mitchell-stewart-tree/P630.php : accessed April 30, 2025), "Hannah Benedict (1774-1818)".
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