January 25 » Battle of Mikatagahara: In Japan, Takeda Shingen defeats Tokugawa Ieyasu.
January 28 » Articles of the Warsaw Confederation are signed, sanctioning freedom of religion in Poland.
March 7 » A peace treaty is signed between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice, ending the Ottoman–Venetian War and leaving Cyprus in Ottoman hands.
July 6 » Córdoba, Argentina, is founded by Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera.
July 13 » Eighty Years' War: The Siege of Haarlem ends after seven months.
October 8 » End of the Spanish siege of Alkmaar, the first Dutch victory in the Eighty Years' War.
March 25 » Jerome Savage takes out a sub-lease to start the Newington Butts Theatre outside London.
July 11 » While exploring the North Atlantic Ocean in an attempt to find the Northwest Passage, Martin Frobisher sights Greenland, mistaking it for the hypothesized (but non-existent) island of "Frisland".
August 8 » The cornerstone for Tycho Brahe's Uraniborg observatory is laid on the island of Hven.
November 4 » Eighty Years' War: In Flanders, Spain captures Antwerp (after three days the city is nearly destroyed).
November 8 » Eighty Years' War: Pacification of Ghent: The States General of the Netherlands meet and unite to oppose Spanish occupation.
February 29 » Abel Tasman's second Pacific voyage begins.
May 25 » Ming general Wu Sangui forms an alliance with the invading Manchus and opens the gates of the Great Wall of China at Shanhaiguan pass, letting the Manchus through towards the capital Beijing.
September 1 » Battle of Tippermuir: James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose defeats the Earl of Wemyss's Covenanters, reviving the Royalist cause.
October 27 » Second Battle of Newbury in the English Civil War.
November 8 » The Shunzhi Emperor, the third emperor of the Qing dynasty, is enthroned in Beijing after the collapse of the Ming dynasty as the first Qing emperor to rule over China.
November 23 » John Milton publishes Areopagitica, a pamphlet decrying censorship.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Andrea Oliver, "McNiven - Oliver Family tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/mcniven-oliver-family-tree/P4504.php : accessed May 10, 2025), "William Niniane Reid (1573-1644)".
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