The temperature on September 14, 1888 was about 14.2 °C. The air pressure was 4 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the east-northeast. The airpressure was 77 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 71%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from April 23, 1884 to April 21, 1888 the cabinet Heemskerk, with Mr. J. Heemskerk Azn. (conservatief) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from April 21, 1888 to August 21, 1891 the cabinet Mackay, with Mr. A. baron Mackay (AR) as prime minister.
March 15 » Start of the Anglo-Tibetan War of 1888.
May 13 » With the passage of the Lei Áurea ("Golden Law"), Empire of Brazil abolishes slavery.
June 5 » The Rio de la Plata earthquake takes place.
September 8 » Isaac Peral's submarine is first tested.
October 15 » The "From Hell" letter allegedly sent by Jack the Ripper is received by investigators.
October 17 » Thomas Edison files a patent for the Optical Phonograph (the first movie).
Day of death January 3, 1941
The temperature on January 3, 1941 was between -7.2 °C and -5.2 °C and averaged -5.9 °C. There was 3.9 hours of sunshine (50%). The average windspeed was 5 Bft (very strong wind) and was prevailing from the northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from September 3, 1940 to July 27, 1941 the cabinet Gerbrandy I, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
March 2 » World War II: First German military units enter Bulgaria after it joins the Axis Pact.
June 23 » The Lithuanian Activist Front declares independence from the Soviet Union and forms the Provisional Government of Lithuania; it lasts only briefly as the Nazis will occupy Lithuania a few weeks later.
September 17 » World War II: Soviet forces enter Tehran during the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran.
September 29 » World War II: German forces, with the aid of local Ukrainian collaborators, begin the two-day Babi Yar massacre.
November 14 » World War II: In Slonim, German forces engaged in Operation Barbarossa murder 9,000 Jews in a single day.
December 8 » World War II: Japanese forces simultaneously invade Shanghai International Settlement, Malaya, Thailand, Hong Kong, the Philippines, and the Dutch East Indies. (See December 7 for the concurrent attack on Pearl Harbor in the Western Hemisphere.)
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Andrea Oliver, "McNiven - Oliver Family tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/mcniven-oliver-family-tree/P3563.php : accessed August 5, 2025), "Robert Saunders Penney (1888-1941)".
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