January 31 » Eighty Years' War and Anglo-Spanish War: The Battle of Gembloux is a victory for Spanish forces led by Don John of Austria over a rebel army of Dutch, Flemish, English, Scottish, German, French and Walloons.
April 27 » Duel of the Mignons claims the lives of two favourites of Henry III of France and two favorites of Henry I, Duke of Guise.
May 31 » King Henry III lays the first stone of the Pont Neuf (New Bridge), the oldest bridge of Paris, France.
August 4 » Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir: The Moroccans defeat the Portuguese. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed in the battle, leaving his elderly uncle, Cardinal Henry, as his heir. This initiates a succession crisis in Portugal.
September 29 » Tegucigalpa, capital city of Honduras, is claimed by the Spaniards.
January 6 » The Union of Arras unites the southern Netherlands under the Duke of Parma (Ottavio Farnese), governor in the name of King Philip II of Spain.
January 23 » The Union of Utrecht forms a Protestant republic in the Netherlands.
February 6 » The Archdiocese of Manila is made a diocese by a papal bull with Domingo de Salazar being its first bishop.
June 17 » Sir Francis Drake claims a land he calls Nova Albion (modern California) for England.
June 26 » Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory begins.
July 8 » Our Lady of Kazan, a holy icon of the Russian Orthodox Church, is discovered underground in the city of Kazan, Tatarstan.
January 27 » Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators begins, ending with their execution on January 31.
January 31 » Gunpowder Plot: Four of the conspirators, including Guy Fawkes, are executed for treason by hanging, drawing and quartering, for plotting against Parliament and King James.
February 26 » The Janszoon voyage of 1605–06 becomes the first European expedition to set foot on Australia, although it is mistaken as a part of New Guinea.
April 10 » The Virginia Company of London is established by royal charter by James I of England with the purpose of establishing colonial settlements in North America.
April 12 » The Union Flag is adopted as the flag of English and Scottish ships.
December 20 » The Virginia Company loads three ships with settlers and sets sail to establish Jamestown, Virginia, the first permanent English settlement in the Americas.
March 8 » John Casor becomes the first legally-recognized slave in England's North American colonies where a crime was not committed.
March 25 » Saturn's largest moon, Titan, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens.
April 23 » The Siege of Santo Domingo begins during the Anglo-Spanish War, and fails seven days later.
July 31 » Russo-Polish War (1654–67): The Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years.
September 8 » Warsaw falls without resistance to a small force under the command of Charles X Gustav of Sweden during The Deluge, making it the first time the city is captured by a foreign army.
December 18 » The Whitehall Conference ends with the determination that there was no law preventing Jews from re-entering England after the Edict of Expulsion of 1290.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Hon Chief Prince Dr Wilton Ekpo Adebowale McDonald II, Esq. - member - National Genealogical Society (NGS), FHISO member, "Real black history and black original man- BC4000 - family tree over 360,000 persons - black Hebrew Yahya- footnote on cabbage babies as well 1800s", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/mcdonald-family-site/I634796.php : accessed December 24, 2025), "Henry W Wolcott, Sr (1578-1655)".
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