January 15 » King Francis I of France gives Jean-François Roberval a commission to settle the province of New France (Canada) and provide for the spread of the "Holy Catholic faith".
February 12 » Santiago, Chile is founded by Pedro de Valdivia.
April 7 » Francis Xavier leaves Lisbon on a mission to the Portuguese East Indies.
August 29 » The Ottoman Turks capture Buda, the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom.
September 11 » Santiago, Chile, is besieged by indigenous warriors, led by Michimalonco, to free eight indigenous chiefs held captive by the Spaniards. However, the Spaniards decapitated them and rolled their heads on the main square, horrifying the indigenous warriors, and subsequently ending the attack.
December 10 » Thomas Culpeper and Francis Dereham are executed for having affairs with Catherine Howard, Queen of England and wife of Henry VIII.
February 19 » The Peruvian stratovolcano Huaynaputina explodes in the most violent eruption in the recorded history of South America.
March 20 » The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden: five Swedish noblemen are publicly beheaded in the aftermath of the War against Sigismund (1598–1599).
August 5 » The Gowrie Conspiracy against King James VI of Scotland (later to become King James I of England) takes place.
August 23 » Battle of Gifu Castle: The eastern forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu defeat the western Japanese clans loyal to Toyotomi Hideyori, leading to the destruction of Gifu Castle and serving as a prelude to the Battle of Sekigahara.
October 6 » Euridice, the earliest surviving opera, receives its première performance, beginning the Baroque period.
December 31 » The British East India Company is chartered.
April 13 » Miyamoto Musashi defeats Sasaki Kojirō at Funajima island.
August 18 » The trial of the Pendle witches, one of England's most famous witch trials, begins at Lancaster Assizes.
August 19 » The "Samlesbury witches", three women from the Lancashire village of Samlesbury, England, are put on trial, accused of practicing witchcraft, one of the most famous witch trials in British history.
September 8 » The foundation day in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.
November 1 » During the Time of Troubles, Polish troops are expelled from Moscow's Kitay-gorod by Russian troops under the command of Dmitry Pozharsky (22 October O.S.).
November 29 » The Battle of Swally takes place, which loosens the Portuguese Empire's hold on India.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Keith Mann Spencer, "Mann Spencer Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/mann-spencer-tree/P716.php : accessed May 2, 2025), "Lord John Howland (1541-1612)".
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