The temperature on March 4, 1837 was about 5.0 °C. Wind direction mainly north-northeast. Weather type: omtrent helder winderig. Source: KNMI
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De Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden werd in 1794-1795 door de Fransen veroverd onder leiding van bevelhebber Charles Pichegru (geholpen door de Nederlander Herman Willem Daendels); de verovering werd vergemakkelijkt door het dichtvriezen van de Waterlinie; Willem V moest op 18 januari 1795 uitwijken naar Engeland (en van daaruit in 1801 naar Duitsland); de patriotten namen de macht over van de aristocratische regenten en proclameerden de Bataafsche Republiek; op 16 mei 1795 werd het Haags Verdrag gesloten, waarmee ons land een vazalstaat werd van Frankrijk; in 3.1796 kwam er een Nationale Vergadering; in 1798 pleegde Daendels een staatsgreep, die de unitarissen aan de macht bracht; er kwam een nieuwe grondwet, die een Vertegenwoordigend Lichaam (met een Eerste en Tweede Kamer) instelde en als regering een Directoire; in 1799 sloeg Daendels bij Castricum een Brits-Russische invasie af; in 1801 kwam er een nieuwe grondwet; bij de Vrede van Amiens (1802) kreeg ons land van Engeland zijn koloniën terug (behalve Ceylon); na de grondwetswijziging van 1805 kwam er een raadpensionaris als eenhoofdig gezag, namelijk Rutger Jan Schimmelpenninck (van 31 oktober 1761 tot 25 maart 1825).
June 5 » Houston is incorporated by the Republic of Texas.
July 25 » The first commercial use of an electrical telegraph is successfully demonstrated in London by William Cooke and Charles Wheatstone.
November 8 » Mary Lyon founds Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, which later becomes Mount Holyoke College.
November 17 » An earthquake in Valdivia, south-central Chile, causes a tsunami that leads to significant destruction along Japan's coast.
December 17 » A fire in the Winter Palace of Saint Petersburg kills 30 guards.
Day of marriage March 23, 1861
The temperature on March 23, 1861 was about 10.9 °C. The air pressure was 6.5 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the west-southwest. The airpressure was 76 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 66%. Source: KNMI
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
From March 14, 1861 till January 31, 1862 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt - Loudon with the prime ministers Mr. J.P.P. baron Van Zuijlen van Nijevelt (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. J. Loudon (liberaal).
February 10 » Jefferson Davis is notified by telegraph that he has been chosen as provisional President of the Confederate States of America.
July 25 » American Civil War: The United States Congress passes the Crittenden–Johnson Resolution, stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery.
July 26 » American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run.
August 5 » The United States Army abolishes flogging.
August 28 » American Civil War: Union forces attack Cape Hatteras, North Carolina in the Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries which lasts for two days.
October 17 » Aborigines kill Nineteen Europeans in the Cullin-la-ringo massacre.
Day of death October 14, 1881
The temperature on October 14, 1881 was about 13.2 °C. There was 8 mm of rain. The air pressure was 19 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the southwest. The airpressure was 74 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 90%. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from August 20, 1879 to April 23, 1883 the cabinet Van Lijnden van Sandenburg, with Mr. C.Th. baron Van Lijnden van Sandenburg (conservatief-AR) as prime minister.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: Robert Makley, "Makley Family Tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/makley-family-tree/I02001.php : accessed May 10, 2025), "Benjamin Pence (1837-1881)".
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