The temperature on December 24, 1860 was about -2.9 °C. The air pressure was 1 kgf/m2 and came mainly from the south-southwest. The airpressure was 75 cm mercury. The atmospheric humidity was 92%. Source: KNMI
From March 18, 1858 till February 23, 1860 the Netherlands had a cabinet Rochussen - Van Bosse with the prime ministers J.J. Rochussen (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. P.P. van Bosse (liberaal).
From February 23, 1860 till March 14, 1861 the Netherlands had a cabinet Van Hall - Van Heemstra with the prime ministers Mr. F.A. baron Van Hall (conservatief-liberaal) and Mr. S. baron Van Heemstra (liberaal).
January 1 » The first Polish stamp is issued, replacing the Russian stamps previously in use.
March 24 » Sakuradamon Incident: Assassination of Japanese Chief Minister (Tairō) Ii Naosuke.
April 3 » The first successful United States Pony Express run from St. Joseph, Missouri, to Sacramento, California, begins.
May 3 » Charles XV of Sweden–Norway is crowned king of Sweden.
May 27 » Giuseppe Garibaldi begins his attack on Palermo, Sicily, as part of the Italian unification.
December 29 » The launch of HMSWarrior, with her combination of screw propeller, iron hull and iron armour, renders all previous warships obsolete.
Day of death December 11, 1943
The temperature on December 11, 1943 was between -1.3 °C and 1.2 °C and averaged 0.2 °C. There was 2.9 hours of sunshine (37%). The average windspeed was 4 Bft (moderate breeze) and was prevailing from the east-northeast. Source: KNMI
In The Netherlands , there was from July 27, 1941 to February 23, 1945 the cabinet Gerbrandy II, with Prof. dr. P.S. Gerbrandy (ARP) as prime minister.
March 3 » World War II: In London, 173 people are killed in a crush while trying to enter an air-raid shelter at Bethnal Green tube station.
April 19 » World War II: In Poland, the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising begins, after German troops enter the Warsaw Ghetto to round up the remaining Jews.
May 30 » The Holocaust: Josef Mengele becomes chief medical officer of the Zigeunerfamilienlager (Romani family camp) at Auschwitz concentration camp.
September 14 » World War II: The Wehrmacht starts a three-day retaliatory operation targeting several Greek villages in the region of Viannos, whose death toll would eventually exceed 500 persons.
November 15 » The Holocaust: German SS leader Heinrich Himmler orders that Gypsies are to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps".
December 8 » World War II: The German 117th Jäger Division destroys the monastery of Mega Spilaio in Greece and executes 22 monks and visitors as part of reprisals that culminated a few days later with the Massacre of Kalavryta.
When copying data from this family tree, please include a reference to the origin: David Chaim, "Lazarus tree", database, Genealogy Online (https://www.genealogieonline.nl/lazarus-tree/I412190983047.php : accessed December 8, 2025), "Napoleon Bonaparte Joynes (1860-1943)".
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